بررسی اثر تنش خشکی بر رشد و ویژگی‌های ریختی نهال سنجد (.Elaeagnus angustifolia L) | ||
| خشک بوم | ||
| دوره 14، شماره 1، فروردین 1403، صفحه 35-45 اصل مقاله (993.49 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.29252/aridbiom.2024.21510.2009 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| الهه نیکوئی1؛ مریم ملاشاهی* 2؛ علیرضا مشکی2؛ محسن جوانمیری‌‌پور3 | ||
| 1دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد مهندسی جنگل، دانشکده کویرشناسی، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار گروه جنگلداری مناطق خشک، دانشکده کویرشناسی، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران | ||
| 3دکتری علوم جنگل، اداره کل منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری استان کرمانشاه، کرمانشاه، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| از مهم‌ترین مشکلات مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک، وجود تنش‌های غیرزنده محیطی به‌ویژه تنش خشکی است که رشد و نمو گیاهان را تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهد. گونه سنجد از جمله گونه‌های مقاوم به خشکی بوده و از آن، برای احیای مناطق بدون پوشش گیاهی، حفاظت خاک و ایجاد فضای سبز استفاده می‌گردد. جهت بررسی اثر تنش خشکی، آزمایشی در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی بر روی نهال‌های یک‌ساله سنجد با چهار سطح تنش شامل شاهد (100% آب قابل دسترس)، تنش ملایم (75% آب قابل دسترس)، تنش متوسط (50% آب قابل دسترس) و تنش شدید (25% آب قابل دسترس) در شهر سمنان انجام شد. نتایج به‌دست آمده نشان داد که اختلاف معنیداری میان سطوح تنش خشکی از نظر ارتفاع و قطر نهال وجود نداشته اما از نظر تعداد برگ، زنده‌مانی، شادابی، وزن خشک ریشه و وزن خشک ساقه اختلاف معنیداری بین تیمارها وجود داشت. بیشترین تعداد برگ (25 عدد)، شادابی (> 95درصد)، وزن خشک ریشه (>5گرم) و وزن خشک ساقه (>8 گرم) در گروه شاهد و تنش ملایم بوده و با افزایش تنش خشکی از تعداد برگ، زنده‌مانی، شادابی، وزن خشک ریشه و وزن خشک ساقه کاسته شد. در رابطه با زنده‌مانی نهال‌ها نیز مشخص شد که زنده‌مانی در تمامی سطوح تنش خشکی به غیر از تنش شدید، 100 درصد بوده اما در تنش شدید زنده‌مانی نهال‌ها به‌تدریج بعد از گذشت 7 ماه صفر می‌شود. به‌طورکلی، نتایج به‌دست آمده نشان داد که بهترین نتیجه که هم رویش قابل قبول بوده و هم مصرف آب بهینه باشد، در تنش ملایم قابل دسترس (75% آب قابل دسترس) است، البته این گونه قادر به تحمل تنش خشکی متوسط (50% آب قابل دسترس) نیز بوده و توانسته در این تنش زنده‌مانی 100 درصد داشته باشد. حتی به لحاظ وزن خشک ساقه (5/7 گرم) تفاوت معنیداری با نمونه شاهد نشان نداده است. بنابراین می‌توان عنوان نمود که گونه سنجد گونه‌ای مقاوم به تنش آبی است. از این رو می‌توان جهت کاشت در فضای سبز مناطقی با اقلیم خشک، از این گونه استفاده شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| رویش؛ وزن خشک؛ شادابی؛ ظرفیت زراعی؛ سنجد | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Studying the Effects of Drought Stress on Growth and Morphological Characteristics of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. Seedlings | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Elaheh Nikouee1؛ Maryam Mollashahi2؛ Alireza Moshki2؛ Mohsen Javanmiripour3 | ||
| 1M.Sc. Graduated from Forest Engineering, Faculty of Desert studies, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran. | ||
| 2Assistant Prof., Department of Forestry in Arid regions, Faculty of Desert studies, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran | ||
| 3Ph.D. in Forest Sciences, Natural Resources and Watershed Management Organization, Department of Natural Resources, Kermanshah, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| One of the most significant challenges in arid and semi-arid regions is the presence of abiotic environmental stresses, particularly drought stress, which affects the growth and development of plants. Elaeagnus angustifolia, as a species resistant to drought stress, is utilized for revegetation of barren areas, soil conservation, and creation of green spaces. An experiment was conducted in Semnan city to assess the impact of varying levels of drought stress on one-year-old elm seedlings using a completely randomized design. The experiment included four stress levels: control (100% available water), mild stress (75% available water), moderate stress (50% available water), and severe stress (25% available water). The results indicated that there was no significant difference between drought stress levels regarding the height and diameter of seedlings, while significant differences were observed in leaf number, vitality, root dry weight, and stem dry weight. The control group and mild stress conditions exhibited the highest number of leaves (25), freshness (>95%), root dry weight (>5 grams), and stem dry weight (>8 grams). As drought stress levels increased, there was a noticeable decrease in the number of leaves, survival rate, freshness, root dry weight, and stem dry weight. Regarding the vitality of seedlings, it was found that vitality remained at 100% in all drought stress levels except for severe stress, where vitality gradually decreased to zero after 7 months. Generally, the results demonstrated that the best outcome, which included acceptable growth and optimal water consumption, was attainable under mild stress conditions (75% available water). Indeed, this species demonstrated the ability to endure moderate drought stress conditions (50% available water) with a 100% survival rate. Additionally, there was no significant difference in terms of the stem dry weight (7.5 grams) compared to the control sample. This indicates that the elm species is resilient to water stress and can be effectively utilized for planting in green spaces within dry climate regions. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Growth, Dry Weight, Survival, Field Capacity, Elaeagnus angustifolia | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
[1] Ahani, H., Jalilvand, H., Vaezi, J., & Sadati, S. E. (2018). Drought stress on Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A. Nelson Seedlings Morphology. Journal of Plant Ecosystem Conservation, 5(11), 191-204. [in Farsi]
[2] Ahmadloo, F., Tabari, M., & Behtari, B. (2011). Effect of Water Stress on Some Physiological Characteristics of Pinus Brutia and P. Halepensis Seeds. Iranian Journal of Biology, 24(5), 728-736. [in Farsi]
[3] Alibrahim, M.T., Sabaghnia, N. Ebadi, A., & Mohebbodini, M. (2004). Study of drought and salinity stress on germination of common Thyme (Thymus vulgaris). Journal of Research in Agricultural Science, 1(1), 13-19 [in Farsi]
[4] Arji, I., Arzani, K., & Mirlatifi, S.M. (2002). Effect of Different Irrigation Amounts on Physiological and Anatomical Responses of Olive (Olea Europaea L. cv. Zard). Iranian Journal of Soil Research, 16(1), 1-10. [in Farsi]
[5] Asgari, M., Javanmiri pour, M., Etemad, V., & Ahmadauli, K. (2024). Effect of Drought Stress on Morphological Characteristics of Tehran Pine (Pinus eldarica Medw.) and Chinaberry (Melia azedarach L.) at Various Ages. Journal of Drought and Climate change Research, 1(4), 87-104. doi: 10.22077/JDCR.2023.6925.1047 [in Farsi]
[6] Ashkavand, P., Tabari, M., & Zarafshar, M. (2014). Assessment of drought resistance in hawthorn and mahaleb seedlings with emphasis on biochemical parameters. Journal of Forest Ecosystems Researches, 1(1), 1-18. [in Farsi]
[7] Asri, M., & Tabari, M. (2008). Early growth of direct-seeded Quercus castaneifolia (C.A. Meyer) seedlings on different soils of elm-oak stands. Journal of Biological Sciences, 8(3), 628-633. doi: 10.3923/jbs.2008.628.633.
[8] Bagheri, V., Shamshiri, M.H., Shirani, H., & Roosta, H. (2012). Nutrient Uptake and Distribution in Mycorrhizal Pistachio Seedlings under Drought Stress. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 14(7), 1591-1604. doi: 20.1001.1.16807073.2012.14.7.3.5
[9] Basra, A. S., & Basra, R. K. (2000). Mechanisms of environmental stress resistance in plants (M. Kafi & A. Mahdavi Damghani, Trans.), Ferdowsi University of Mashhad press. (Original work published 1997) [in Farsi]
[10] Ciordia, M., Feito, I., Pereira-Lorenzo, S., Fernández, S., & Majada, J. (2012). Adaptive diversity in Castanea sativa Mill. half-sib progenies in response to drought stress. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 78, 56-63. doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2011.12.018
[11] Close, D.C., Beadle, C.L., & Brown, P. H. (2013). The physiological basis of containerised tree seedling ‘transplant shock’: a review. Australian Forestry, 68(2), 112-120. doi: 10.1080/00049158.2005.10674954
[12] Diaz-Lopez, L., Gimeno, V., Simon, I., Martinez, V., Rodriguez-Ortega, W. M., & García-Sánchez, F. (2012). Jatropha curcas seedlings show a water conservation strategy under drought conditions based on decreasing leaf growth and stomatal conductance. Agricultural Water Management, 105, 48-56. doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2012.01.001
[13] Djumaeva, D., Lamers, J.P.A., Martius, C. et al. (2010). Quantification of symbiotic nitrogen fixation by Elaeagnus angustifolia L. on salt-affected irrigated croplands using two 15N isotopic methods. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 88, 329-339. doi: 10.1007/s10705-010-9357-5.
[14] Garcia, A. N., Arias, S. P. B., Morte, A., & Sánchez-Blanco, M.J. (2011). Effects of nursery preconditioning through mycorrhizal inoculation and drought in Arbutus unedo L. plants. Mycorrhiza, 21(1), 53-64. doi: 10. 1007/s00572-010-0310-x
[15] Guo, X., Guo, W., Luo, Y., Tan, X., Du, N., & Wang, R. (2013). Morphological and biomass characteristic acclimation of trident maple (Acer buergerianum Miq.) in response to light and water stress. Acta Physiolgiae Plantarum. 35, 1149-1159. doi: 10.1007/s11738-012-1154-0
[16] Hedayati, M.A., Marvi Mohajer, M.R., Jazireie, M.H., & Zobeiri, M. (2003). An Investigation of Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) seedling Production in Gilan Province. Iranian Journal of natural Research, 56(3), 229-244. [in Farsi]
[17] Jazirehi, M. H. (2001). Afforest in arid Environment, University of Tehran press. [in Farsi]
[18] Jinying, L., Min, L., Yongmin, M., & Lianying, S. (2007). Effects of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae on the drought resistance of wild jujube (Zizyphs spinosus Hu) seedlings. Frontiers of Agriculture in China, 1(4), 468-471. doi: 10.1007/s11703-007-0077-9.
[19] Kordrostami, F., Shirvany, A., Attarod, P., & Khoshnevis, M. (2017). Physiological responses of Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings to drought stress. Forest and Wood Products, 70(3), 393-400. doi: 10.22059/jfwp.2017.111443.561.
[20] Kramer, P. J., & Boyer, J. S. (1993). Water Relations of Plants and Soils, Academic Press.
Kriedemann, P. E. (1968). Photosynthesis in vine leaves as a function of light intensity, temperature, and leaf age. Vitis, 7, 213-220. doi: 10.5073/vitis.1968.7.213-220
[21]. Kriedemann, P. E. (1968). Photosynthesis in vine leaves as a function of light intensity, temperature, and leaf age. Vitis, 7, 213-220. doi: 10.5073/vitis.1968.7.213-220
[22] Levitt, J. (1980). Responses of Plant to Environmental Stress: Water, Radiation, Salt and Other Stresses, Academic Press.
[23] Mirzaei, J., & Karamshahi, A. (2015). Effects of drought stress on growth and physiological characteristics of Pistacia atlantica seedlings. Journal of Wood and Forest Science and Technology, 22(1), 31-43. [in Farsi]
[24] Mousavi Mirkala, S.R., Menbari, M., & Eshaghi rad, J. (2017). Study of ecological and growth characteristics of Elaeagnus angustifolia in West Azerbaijan province. Journal of Plant Research (Iranian Journal of Biology), 30(1), 200-213. doi: 20.1001.1.23832592.1396.30.1.17.6 [in Farsi]
[25] Norouzi Harouni, N., & Tabari koochksaraee, M. (2015). Morpho-Physiological Responses of Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) Seedlings to Drought Stress. Forest and Wood Products, 68(3), 715-727. [in Farsi]
[26] Nourozi Haroni, N., Tabari Kouchaksaraei, M., & Sadati, E. (2017). Response of growth indices of Judas tree seedling to different irrigation periods. Iranian Journal of Forest, 8(4), 419-430. [in Farsi]
[27] Pandey, H.C., Baig, M.J., & Bhatt, R. (2012). Effect of moisture stress on chlorophyll accumulation and nitrate reductase activity at vegetative and flowering stage in Avena species. Agricultural Science Research Journal, 2(3), 111-118.
[28] Saadatmand, L., Ghorbanli, M., & Niakan, M. (2015). Study of Some Morphological Characteristics of the Medicinal Plant Elaeagnus Angustifolia L. In Four Different Habitats of Khorasan Razavi Province. Journal of Plant Environmental Physiology, 10(37), 21-30. [in Farsi]
[29] Sadrzadeh, M., & Moalemi, N. (2006). Effect of water stress and potassium on growth characteristics of young olive plants cvs. Baghmalek and Zard. Journal of Agricultural research (water, soil and plants in agriculture), 6(4), 1-9. [in Farsi]
[30] Saeidi abueshaghi, Z., Pilehvar, B., & Sayedena, S. (2021). Effect of drought stress on morphophysiological and biochemical traits of purple (Cercis siliquastrum L.) seedlings. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 29(1), 91-100. doi: 10. 22092/IJFPR.2021.353383.1981 [in Farsi]
[31] Sanchez, D. H., Siahpoosh, M. R., Roessner, U., Udvardi, M., & Kopka, J. (2008). Plant metabolomics reveals conserved and divergent metabolic responses to salinity. Physiologia plantarum, 132(2), 209–219. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2007. 00993.x
[32] Shirbani, S., Davari nejad, G., & Shoor, M. (2012). A Study of the Stomatal Characteristics in Fig Cultivars under Drought Stress Conditions. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 43(2), 125-133. [in Farsi]
[33] Silva, M. R., Nogueira, A. C., de Carvalho, C. M., & Simões, D. (2012, July). Morphological responses of Eucalyptus grandis seedlings submitted to different water stress levels during hardening. International conference of Agricultural engineering, Valencia, Spain.
[34] Singh, J., & Patel, A. L. (1996). Water status, gaseous exchange, prolin accumulation and yield of wheat in response to water stress. Annual of Biology Ludhiana, 12(1), 77-81.
[35] Sisakhtnejad, M., Zolfaghari, R., & Fayyaz, P. (2018). Assesment of drought resistant of Quercus brantii and Q. Libani seedlings using growth, physiological and nutrient uptake. Applied Biology, 30(2), 137-157. https://doi.org/10.22051/jab.2017.3258 [in Farsi]
[36] Sternberg, P. (2011). Physiological and morphological basis for differences in growth, water use and drought resistance among Cercis L. Taxa [Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University], library of Ohio State University. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1325209664
[37] Tabatabaei, S. A., Jalilvand, H., & Ahani, H. (2014). Drought stress response in Caucasian hackberry: growth and morphology. Journal of Blodlverslty and Envlronmental Sclences (Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences), 5(3), 158-169.
[38] Wu, F., Bao, W., Li, F., & Wu, N. (2008). Effects of drought stress and N supply on the growth, biomass partitioning and water-use efficiency of Sophora davidii seedlings. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 63(1-3), 248-255. doi: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2007.11.002 | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 316 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 192 |
||