اگزیستانسیالیسم شعری و نحوه تحقق آن با تمهیدات بیانی | ||
| کاوشنامه زبان و ادبیات فارسی | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 18، شماره 34، شهریور 1396، صفحه 95-125 اصل مقاله (445.45 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمدرضا روزبه* 1؛ کیانوش دانیاری2 | ||
| 1دانشیاردانشگاه لرستان | ||
| 2دانشجوی دکتری زبان و ادبیات فارسی دانشگاه لرستان | ||
| چکیده | ||
| فلاسفة اگزیستانسیالیست توجّه خاصّی به ادبیّات و از جمله شعر داشتهاند؛ بهطوریکه برای آنان، شعر، شعرِ وجود است. شعر و زبان شعری محملی است که هستیِ هستندگان در کانون توجّه قرار میگیرد و توجّه به هستیِ محض مهمترین دغدغة اگزیستانسیالیستهاست و شعر شاعران اصیل به نوعی نمایانگر اصالت وجود شاعر؛ هایدگر خانة هستی انسان را در زبان دانسته است و در این بین کسانی که بیش از همه بر زبان و مسائل آن تمرکز میکنند، شاعران هستند. از طرف دیگر اگزیستانسیالیستها دارای اصولی هستند که عبارتند از؛ امکان، آزادی، فردیّت، دلهره و نگرانی و در نهایت تأویل. در این مقاله سعی بر این است که نحوة حضور این موارد در شعر(بویژه شعرِ شاعرانِ مطرحِ نوپرداز) با استفاده از تمهیدات بیانی(تشبیه، استعاره و نماد) و نحوة کارکرد آنها تشریح شود؛ زیرا این مکانیسمهای شعری با اصل و وجودِ پدیدارها سر و کار دارد و به بیانی دیگر کار آنها هستی بخشیدن به هستیهای تکراری و دمدستی است و همین امر سوقدهندة اذهان به سمت هستی محض است. در نهایت علّت اینکه چرا افراد برجستة این مکتب، شاعران را بزرگترین اگزیستانسیالیستها محسوب کردهاند، بررسی خواهد شد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| اگزیستانسیالیسم؛ شعر؛ تأویل؛ وجود؛ تمهیدات بیانی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Existentialist philosophies pay special attention to literature | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mohammad Reza roozbeh1؛ Kianoosh Danyari2 | ||
| 1Assistant professor University of Lorestan | ||
| 2PhD Candidate Lorestan University | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Existentialist philosophers pay special attention to literature, including poetry; so that for them poetry is nothing save the poetry of existence. Poetry and poetic language is a measure that its focus is on the concept of existence and paying attention to sheer being is their great concern. Poetry of virgin poets somehow indicates the originality of the existence of the poet. Heidegger refers to language as the “room of the existence” of human and those who have great focus on language are poets. On the other hand existentialists have some principles including; possibility, freedom, individuality, anxiousness and finally interpretation. In this article, it has been attempted to survey the presence of these concepts in poetry (especially famous modernist poets) by figurative language (simile, metaphor) and their functions have been described; because this poetic mechanism deals with principle and existence of phenomena. In other words their functions are giving existence to routine and trivial beings and this matter leads minds to sheer existence. The reason that why great representatives of this school count poets as great existentialists will be discussed eventually. Keywords: Existentialism, Poetry, Interpretation, Figurative language Existentialist philosophers pay special attention to literature, including poetry; so that for them poetry is nothing save the poetry of existence. Poetry and poetic language is a measure that its focus is on the concept of existence and paying attention to sheer being is their great concern. Poetry of virgin poets somehow indicates the originality of the existence of the poet. Heidegger refers to language as the “room of the existence” of human and those who have great focus on language are poets. On the other hand existentialists have some principles including; possibility, freedom, individuality, anxiousness and finally interpretation. In this article, it has been attempted to survey the presence of these concepts in poetry (especially famous modernist poets) by figurative language (simile, metaphor) and their functions have been described; because this poetic mechanism deals with principle and existence of phenomena. In other words their functions are giving existence to routine and trivial beings and this matter leads minds to sheer existence. The reason that why great representatives of this school count poets as great existentialists will be discussed eventually. Keywords: Existentialism, Poetry, Interpretation, Figurative language Existentialist philosophers pay special attention to literature, including poetry; so that for them poetry is nothing save the poetry of existence. Poetry and poetic language is a measure that its focus is on the concept of existence and paying attention to sheer being is their great concern. Poetry of virgin poets somehow indicates the originality of the existence of the poet. Heidegger refers to language as the “room of the existence” of human and those who have great focus on language are poets. On the other hand existentialists have some principles including; possibility, freedom, individuality, anxiousness and finally interpretation. In this article, it has been attempted to survey the presence of these concepts in poetry (especially famous modernist poets) by figurative language (simile, metaphor) and their functions have been described; because this poetic mechanism deals with principle and existence of phenomena. In other words their functions are giving existence to routine and trivial beings and this matter leads minds to sheer existence. The reason that why great representatives of this school count poets as great existentialists will be discussed eventually. Keywords: Existentialism, Poetry, Interpretation, Figurative language Existentialist philosophers pay special attention to literature, including poetry; so that for them poetry is nothing save the poetry of existence. Poetry and poetic language is a measure that its focus is on the concept of existence and paying attention to sheer being is their great concern. Poetry of virgin poets somehow indicates the originality of the existence of the poet. Heidegger refers to language as the “room of the existence” of human and those who have great focus on language are poets. On the other hand existentialists have some principles including; possibility, freedom, individuality, anxiousness and finally interpretation. In this article, it has been attempted to survey the presence of these concepts in poetry (especially famous modernist poets) by figurative language (simile, metaphor) and their functions have been described; because this poetic mechanism deals with principle and existence of phenomena. In other words their functions are giving existence to routine and trivial beings and this matter leads minds to sheer existence. The reason that why great representatives of this school count poets as great existentialists will be discussed eventually. Keywords: Existentialism, Poetry, Interpretation, Figurative language Existentialist philosophers pay special attention to literature, including poetry; so that for them poetry is nothing save the poetry of existence. Poetry and poetic language is a measure that its focus is on the concept of existence and paying attention to sheer being is their great concern. Poetry of virgin poets somehow indicates the originality of the existence of the poet. Heidegger refers to language as the “room of the existence” of human and those who have great focus on language are poets. On the other hand existentialists have some principles including; possibility, freedom, individuality, anxiousness and finally interpretation. In this article, it has been attempted to survey the presence of these concepts in poetry (especially famous modernist poets) by figurative language (simile, metaphor) and their functions have been described; because this poetic mechanism deals with principle and existence of phenomena. In other words their functions are giving existence to routine and trivial beings and this matter leads minds to sheer existence. The reason that why great representatives of this school count poets as great existentialists will be discussed eventually. Keywords: Existentialism, Poetry, Interpretation, Figurative language Existentialist philosophers pay special attention to literature, including poetry; so that for them poetry is nothing save the poetry of existence. Poetry and poetic language is a measure that its focus is on the concept of existence and paying attention to sheer being is their great concern. Poetry of virgin poets somehow indicates the originality of the existence of the poet. Heidegger refers to language as the “room of the existence” of human and those who have great focus on language are poets. On the other hand existentialists have some principles including; possibility, freedom, individuality, anxiousness and finally interpretation. In this article, it has been attempted to survey the presence of these concepts in poetry (especially famous modernist poets) by figurative language (simile, metaphor) and their functions have been described; because this poetic mechanism deals with principle and existence of phenomena. In other words their functions are giving existence to routine and trivial beings and this matter leads minds to sheer existence. The reason that why great representatives of this school count poets as great existentialists will be discussed eventually. Keywords: Existentialism, Poetry, Interpretation, Figurative language Existentialist philosophers pay special attention to literature, including poetry; so that for them poetry is nothing save the poetry of existence. Poetry and poetic language is a measure that its focus is on the concept of existence and paying attention to sheer being is their great concern. Poetry of virgin poets somehow indicates the originality of the existence of the poet. Heidegger refers to language as the “room of the existence” of human and those who have great focus on language are poets. On the other hand existentialists have some principles including; possibility, freedom, individuality, anxiousness and finally interpretation. In this article, it has been attempted to survey the presence of these concepts in poetry (especially famous modernist poets) by figurative language (simile, metaphor) and their functions have been described; because this poetic mechanism deals with principle and existence of phenomena. In other words their functions are giving existence to routine and trivial beings and this matter leads minds to sheer existence. The reason that why great representatives of this school count poets as great existentialists will be discussed eventually. Keywords: Existentialism, Poetry, Interpretation, Figurative language Existentialist philosophers pay special attention to literature, including poetry; so that for them poetry is nothing save the poetry of existence. Poetry and poetic language is a measure that its focus is on the concept of existence and paying attention to sheer being is their great concern. Poetry of virgin poets somehow indicates the originality of the existence of the poet. Heidegger refers to language as the “room of the existence” of human and those who have great focus on language are poets. On the other hand existentialists have some principles including; possibility, freedom, individuality, anxiousness and finally interpretation. In this article, it has been attempted to survey the presence of these concepts in poetry (especially famous modernist poets) by figurative language (simile, metaphor) and their functions have been described; because this poetic mechanism deals with principle and existence of phenomena. In other words their functions are giving existence to routine and trivial beings and this matter leads minds to sheer existence. The reason that why great representatives of this school count poets as great existentialists will be discussed eventually. Keywords: Existentialism, Poetry, Interpretation, Figurative language Existentialist philosophers pay special attention to literature, including poetry; so that for them poetry is nothing save the poetry of existence. Poetry and poetic language is a measure that its focus is on the concept of existence and paying attention to sheer being is their great concern. Poetry of virgin poets somehow indicates the originality of the existence of the poet. Heidegger refers to language as the “room of the existence” of human and those who have great focus on language are poets. On the other hand existentialists have some principles including; possibility, freedom, individuality, anxiousness and finally interpretation. In this article, it has been attempted to survey the presence of these concepts in poetry (especially famous modernist poets) by figurative language (simile, metaphor) and their functions have been described; because this poetic mechanism deals with principle and existence of phenomena. In other words their functions are giving existence to routine and trivial beings and this matter leads minds to sheer existence. The reason that why great representatives of this school count poets as great existentialists will be discussed eventually. Keywords: Existentialism, Poetry, Interpretation, Figurative language Existentialist philosophers pay special attention to literature, including poetry; so that for them poetry is nothing save the poetry of existence. Poetry and poetic language is a measure that its focus is on the concept of existence and paying attention to sheer being is their great concern. Poetry of virgin poets somehow indicates the originality of the existence of the poet. Heidegger refers to language as the “room of the existence” of human and those who have great focus on language are poets. On the other hand existentialists have some principles including; possibility, freedom, individuality, anxiousness and finally interpretation. In this article, it has been attempted to survey the presence of these concepts in poetry (especially famous modernist poets) by figurative language (simile, metaphor) and their functions have been described; because this poetic mechanism deals with principle and existence of phenomena. In other words their functions are giving existence to routine and trivial beings and this matter leads minds to sheer existence. The reason that why great representatives of this school count poets as great existentialists will be discussed eventually. Keywords: Existentialism, Poetry, Interpretation, Figurative language Existentialist philosophers pay special attention to literature, including poetry; so that for them poetry is nothing save the poetry of existence. Poetry and poetic language is a measure that its focus is on the concept of existence and paying attention to sheer being is their great concern. Poetry of virgin poets somehow indicates the originality of the existence of the poet. Heidegger refers to language as the “room of the existence” of human and those who have great focus on language are poets. On the other hand existentialists have some principles including; possibility, freedom, individuality, anxiousness and finally interpretation. In this article, it has been attempted to survey the presence of these concepts in poetry (especially famous modernist poets) by figurative language (simile, metaphor) and their functions have been described; because this poetic mechanism deals with principle and existence of phenomena. In other words their functions are giving existence to routine and trivial beings and this matter leads minds to sheer existence. The reason that why great representatives of this school count poets as great existentialists will be discussed eventually. Keywords: Existentialism, Poetry, Interpretation, Figurative language Existentialist philosophers pay special attention to literature, including poetry; so that for them poetry is nothing save the poetry of existence. Poetry and poetic language is a measure that its focus is on the concept of existence and paying attention to sheer being is their great concern. Poetry of virgin poets somehow indicates the originality of the existence of the poet. Heidegger refers to language as the “room of the existence” of human and those who have great focus on language are poets. On the other hand existentialists have some principles including; possibility, freedom, individuality, anxiousness and finally interpretation. In this article, it has been attempted to survey the presence of these concepts in poetry (especially famous modernist poets) by figurative language (simile, metaphor) and their functions have been described; because this poetic mechanism deals with principle and existence of phenomena. In other words their functions are giving existence to routine and trivial beings and this matter leads minds to sheer existence. The reason that why great representatives of this school count poets as great existentialists will be discussed eventually. Keywords: Existentialism, Poetry, Interpretation, Figurative language Existentialist philosophers pay special attention to literature, including poetry; so that for them poetry is nothing save the poetry of existence. Poetry and poetic language is a measure that its focus is on the concept of existence and paying attention to sheer being is their great concern. Poetry of virgin poets somehow indicates the originality of the existence of the poet. Heidegger refers to language as the “room of the existence” of human and those who have great focus on language are poets. On the other hand existentialists have some principles including; possibility, freedom, individuality, anxiousness and finally interpretation. In this article, it has been attempted to survey the presence of these concepts in poetry (especially famous modernist poets) by figurative language (simile, metaphor) and their functions have been described; because this poetic mechanism deals with principle and existence of phenomena. In other words their functions are giving existence to routine and trivial beings and this matter leads minds to sheer existence. The reason that why great representatives of this school count poets as great existentialists will be discussed eventually. Keywords: Existentialism, Poetry, Interpretation, Figurative language v Existentialist philosophers pay special attention to literature, including poetry; so that for them poetry is nothing save the poetry of existence. Poetry and poetic language is a measure that its focus is on the concept of existence and paying attention to sheer being is their great concern. Poetry of virgin poets somehow indicates the originality of the existence of the poet. Heidegger refers to language as the “room of the existence” of human and those who have great focus on language are poets. On the other hand existentialists have some principles including; possibility, freedom, individuality, anxiousness and finally interpretation. In this article, it has been attempted to survey the presence of these concepts in poetry (especially famous modernist poets) by figurative language (simile, metaphor) and their functions have been described; because this poetic mechanism deals with principle and existence of phenomena. In other words their functions are giving existence to routine and trivial beings and this matter leads minds to sheer existence. The reason that why great representatives of this school count poets as great existentialists will be discussed eventually. Keywords: Existentialism, Poetry, Interpretation, Figurative language Existentialist philosophers pay special attention to literature, including poetry; so that for them poetry is nothing save the poetry of existence. Poetry and poetic language is a measure that its focus is on the concept of existence and paying attention to sheer being is their great concern. Poetry of virgin poets somehow indicates the originality of the existence of the poet. Heidegger refers to language as the “room of the existence” of human and those who have great focus on language are poets. On the other hand existentialists have some principles including; possibility, freedom, individuality, anxiousness and finally interpretation. In this article, it has been attempted to survey the presence of these concepts in poetry (especially famous modernist poets) by figurative language (simile, metaphor) and their functions have been described; because this poetic mechanism deals with principle and existence of phenomena. In other words their functions are giving existence to routine and trivial beings and this matter leads minds to sheer existence. The reason that why great representatives of this school count poets as great existentialists will be discussed eventually. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Existentialism, Poetry, Interpretation, Figurative language | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
1- احمدی، بابک، حقیقت و زیبایی. _ تهران : نشر مرکز، چاپ پانزدهم، 1387. 2- ____ ، ساختار و تأویل متن. _ تهران : نشر مرکز، چاپ پنجم، 1380. 3- ____، معماری مدرنیته. _ تهران : نشر مرکز، چاپ چهارم، 1385. 4- ____، هایدگر و پرسش بنیادین. _ تهران : نشر مرکز، چاپ سوم، 1384. 5- امین پور، قیصر، دستور زبان عشق. _ تهران : انتشارات مروارید، چاپ هشتم، 1387. 2- بارت، ویلیام، اگزیستانسیالیسم چیست؟، ترجمه ی منصور مشکین پوش. _ تهران: انتشارات آگاه، چاپ دوم، 1362. 3- بلاکهام، هرولد جان، شش متفکر اگزیستانسیالیست؛ ترجمه ی محسن حکیمی._ تهران: نشر مرکز، 1385. 4- حافظ، خواجه شمس الدین محمد، دیوان محمد،دیوان اشعار، از روی نسخه ی تصحیح شده ی غنی و قزوینی، قطع جیبی._ تهران: باقر العلوم، چاپ سوم، 1380. 5- خاقانی شروانی، افضل الدین بدیل، دیوان اشعار، تصحیح ضیاء الدین سجادی. _ تهران: انتشارات زوّار، چاپ نهم، 1388. 6- سارتر، ژان پل، روانکاوی وجودی؛ ترجمه ی احمد سعادت نژاد. _ آبادان: پرستش،1384. 7- سپهری،سهراب، هشت کتاب. _ تهران: طهوری، چاپ نهم، قطع جیبی، 1381. 8- شاملو، احمد، مرثیه های خاک و شکفتن در مه. _ تهران: انتشارات زمانه، 1372. 9- طاهباز، سیروس، گزیده ی شعرهای نیما یوشیج. _ تهران: نشر هستان، چاپ چهارم، 1378. 10- کورنر، اشتفان ، فلسفه ی کانت؛ ترجمه ی عزت الله فولادوند. _ تهران: چاپ دوم، 1380. 11- گادامر، هانس گئورگ، ادبیات و فلسفه در گفتگو؛ ترجمه ی زهرا زاوریان؛ ویراستار دکتر بیژن عبدالکریمی. _ تهران: نقش و نگار ، چاپ اول، 1388. 12- نوالی، محمود، فلسفه ی اگزیستانس و اگزیستانسیالیسم تطبیقی. _ تبریز: انتشارات دانشگاه تبریز، 1374. 13- Earnshaw , Steven , Existentialism: A Guide For The Perplexed , Continuum publications, Second Edition,2007.
18- Guerin, Wilfred L. ; labor, Earle G …., A Hand Book of critical Approaches To Literature, Harper And Row publishers.
19-Olson, Robert. G, An Introduction To Existentialism, New York, Dover publications, Inc, 1962.
20-Yeganeh, Farah, literary schools , Rahnama Publications, second Edition, 2006.
| ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,310 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,105 |
||