بررسی میزان خروج خاک از مزارع فاریاب در اثر برداشت محصولات مختلف با ریشه غدهای | ||
| خشک بوم | ||
| مقاله 5، دوره 5، شماره 1، شهریور 1394، صفحه 55-65 اصل مقاله (196.88 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمد فرجی* 1؛ علیرضا امیریان چکان2؛ مسعود جعفری زاده3 | ||
| 1عضو هیات علمی، گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشگاه صنعتی خاتم النبیاء بهبهان | ||
| 2عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه صنعتی خاتم الانبیاء بهبهان | ||
| 3کارشناس ارشد بیان زدایی، دانشگاه صنعتی خاتم الانبیاء بهبهان | ||
| چکیده | ||
| چکیده فرسایش آبی و بادی فرایندهای مهمی هستند که به طور معمول در مطالعات فرسایش و رسوب مورد بررسی قرار میگیرند. از دست رفتن خاک در اثر برداشت محصول (SLCH) نوع دیگری از تخریب اراضی است که معمولا در این مطالعات در نظر گرفته نمیشود. طی عملیات برداشت محصولات با ریشه غدهای، مقدار قابل توجهی خاک چسبیده به ریشهها همراه محصول از مزارع خارج میشود. علیرغم اینکه این محصولات در سطح وسیعی در دنیا کشت میشوند، مطالعات کمی در دنیا روی مقدار SLCH انجام گرفته است و به نظر میرسد در ایران هم در این زمینه تا کنون مطالعهای صورت نگرفته است. بنابراین، این مطالعه با هدف بررسی مقدار SLCH برای محصولات سیب-زمینی، سیر، چغندرقند، تربچه و چغندر لبویی در 47 مزرعه فاریاب در استان خوزستان انجام گردید. در هر مزرعه سه پلات 2×2 متری به صورت تصادفی مستقر و محصولات مورد نظر همراه با خاک چسبیده به غدهها از هر پلات برداشت گردید. سپس خاک چسبیده به غدهها جدا، خشک و توزین گردید و میانگین مقدار SLCH برای هر محصول در هر هکتار محاسبه گردید. مقدار SLCH برای محصولات مذکور به ترتیب برابر با 74/6273، 32/2525، 88/2264، 94/4101 و 50/6952 کیلوگرم در هکتار به دست آمد که بین این مقادیر تفاوت معنی-داری وجود داشت. همچنین میانگین SLCH همه محصولات 25/4310 تن در هکتار به دست آمد که با میزان رسوب خارج شده از حوزه-های آبخیز کشور تفاوت معنیداری نداشت و معادل کاهش ضخامت خاک به میزان 3/0 میلیمتر در سال بود. با در نظر گرفتن سطح زیر کشت، میزان کل SLCH برای کشور و استان خوزستان به ترتیب برابر با 84/731807 و 10/26800 تن در سال به دست آمد. به طور کلی نتایج نشان داد مقدار SLCH در کشور چشمگیر است و این مقدار بهتر است در مطالعات فرسایش و رسوب در نظر گرفته شود و بهتر است به کشاورزان آموزشهای لازم جهت کاهش آن داده شود. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| فرسایش خاک؛ محصولات غدهای؛ برداشت محصول؛ خروج خاک؛ SLCH | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Study of soil loss due to various root crops harvesting in irrigated fields | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mohammad Faraji1؛ Alirea Amirian Chakan2؛ | ||
| 1Assistant professor, Range & Watershed Management, Behbahan Khatamolanbia Universiry | ||
| 2Assistant professor, Behbahan Khatamoalanbia Technology University | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Abstract Water and wind erosion are the main processes most often considered in erosion and sediment budget studies. While soil loss due to crop harvesting (SLCH) is another type of land degradation which is usually not considered in these studies. During root crops harvesting, a significant amount of soil adhering to the roots is exported from the fields. Despite these crops are widely harvested in the world, a few studies have been done on SLCH and no attempt has been presented to investigate SLCH in Iran. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the values of SLCH for potatoes, garlic, sugar beet, radish and beet root in 47 selected fields located in Khuzestan province. Crops together with the adhering soils were collected from three 2*2 plots in each field. Soil tares were separated from the roots and dried at 105OC. Result showed SLCH values for potatoes, garlic, sugar beet, radish and beet root were 6273.74, 2525.32, 2264.88, 4101.94 and 6952.50 Kg ha-1 respectively and there were significant differences in SLCH between crops types. The average of SLCH for all crops was 4.31 Mg ha-1 which results in a denudation rate of 0.3 mm yr-1 and is of the order of magnitude as soil losses caused by water erosion in watershed catchments of Iran. Given the harvested areas, total SLCH was estimated for Khuzestan province and whole country at 26800.10 and 731807.84 ton, respectively. In general, because of the importance of SLCH, farmers should be educated to reduce SLCH and it should be considered when calculating soil denudation rates and sediment budgets. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Soil erosion, Root crops, Crop harvesting, Soil loss, SLCH | ||
| مراجع | ||
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