تبیین توپوگرافی حافظه جمعی شهر(مطالعه موردی: شهرهای مناطق بیابانی) | ||
| کاوش های جغرافیایی مناطق بیابانی | ||
| دوره 13، شماره 1، شهریور 1404، صفحه 105-122 اصل مقاله (1.11 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/grd.2025.23466.1665 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مائده انصاری1؛ مهدی منتظرالحجه* 2؛ امیررضا خاوریان گرمسیر3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری شهرسازی گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران | ||
| 3دانشیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری، دانشکده علوم جغرافیایی و برنامهریزی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| حافظه جمعی نقشی کلیدی در هویتبخشی و انسجام اجتماعی شهر ایفا میکند. امروزه با تغییر شیوه زیست مردم و مداخلات شهری ناآگاهانه به بهانه توسعه شهری و اعیانی سازی، کالبدهای تاریخی و خاطره انگیز در معرض تهدید قرار دارند. این پژوهش، با هدف تبیین توپوگرافی حافظه جمعی شهر از طریق مدلسازی مفهومی، تلاش کرده است تا با بهرهگیری از روش مرور نظاممند همراه با تحلیل مضمون محتوای غربال شده به ادغام دیدگاههای رشتههای مختلف بپردازد. این مدل در شهرهای مناطق بیابانی شامل یزد، کرمان، طبس و کاشان به کار بسته شده است. یافتهها نشان میدهد توپوگرافی حافظه جمعی، نگاشتی استعاری از خاطرات مشترک است که از تعامل میان چارچوب های فضا، مکان و رفتارهای اجتماعی شکل میگیرد و در تأثیر نیروهای قدرت، سیاست و گفتمانهای مسلط، دستخوش تغییرات و بازتفسیرهای متنوع می شود. مدل مفهومی در سه مسیر «شکلگیری»، «بازخوانی/بازتولید» و «تابآوری» عمل میکند.اقلیم، مهاجرت، اقتصادـسیاست، گردشگری و فناوری عوامل مداخلهگریاند که الگوهای کالبدی و روایت ها و رویدادهای اجتماعی را تعدیل میکنند. کاربست مدل نشان داد سامانههای سنتی آبرسانی، بازارها، میادین، حسینیهها و خانههای درونگرا لنگرهای اصلی حافظه در شهر های اقلیم بیابانیاند. هم چنین لایه مخاطرات در طبس و بم، مسیرهای یادسپاری را بازچینش کرده است. بر مبنای مدل، سه بسته سیاستی پیشنهاد میشود: «شکل گیری» وانتقال دانش بومی، «بازسازی/کنترل» لایهها با رویکرد پالیمپسست، و «تاب آوری حافظه محور» جهت مواجهه با مخاطرات/ اختلالات. ابزارهایی چون «اطلس حافظه»، «شاخص های شدت و جهت» و «کریدورهای حافظه» برای طراحی حساس به زمینه معرفی میشود. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| توپوگرافی حافظه جمعی؛ فضا؛ مکان حافظه؛ هالبواکس؛ هویت | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Explain the Topography of the City's Collective Memory (Case Study: Cities in Desert Regions) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| maedeh ansari1؛ Mahdi Montazerolhodjah2؛ Amir Reza Khavarian-Garmsir3 | ||
| 1PhD student, Department of Urbanism, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Yazd University, Yazd , Iran | ||
| 2Associate professor, Department of Urbanism, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran | ||
| 3Associate professor, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Geographical Sciences and Planning, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Extended Abstract 1. Introduction Collective memory in cities is more than a repository of past events; it is a living infrastructure that orients belonging, identity, and continuity. As urban environments densify and diversify, shared recollections are embedded in the physical weave of streets, squares, and buildings, and in the performative weave of rituals, commemorations, and everyday routines. This research argues that mapping the topography of collective memory—i.e., tracing how different carriers of memory are positioned, layered, and re-signified over time—provides a powerful lens for diagnosis and intervention. Two research questions guide the work: 1. What are the constituent components of the topography of collective memory? 2. How do these components interact to shape and reproduce collective memory in desert cities? Answering these questions matters practically. Accelerated redevelopment, gentrification, lifestyle shifts, and shocks (earthquakes, aridification) threaten the socio-spatial habitats of memory. In desert cities, where survival has historically depended on codified climate wisdom, losing memory risks eroding not only cultural identity but also adaptive capacity. 2. Research Methodology The study uses a qualitative, interdisciplinary design with a multiple-case strategy and three integrated methods: 1. Systematic Review and Document Analysis: Following PRISMA protocols, we searched Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar using core terms (collective memory, city, place; Halbwachs, Nora, etc.). Snowballing captured foundational texts often under-indexed in databases. After deduplication and two-stage screening against inclusion criteria (urban spatial relevance; social frameworks of memory; interdisciplinary rigor; credible evidence; English-language availability), 123 sources (books and articles) were retained. 2. Thematic Synthesis: Using established procedures (open coding, descriptive themes, analytic themes), we coded the corpus to surface recurrent ideas about the relationship between memory, space, time, and power. The synthesis yielded a general conceptual model: a dual-frame structure where a spatial–material frame (carriers, loci, routes, palimpsests) interlocks with a socio–cultural frame (rituals, narratives, naming, institutions, media ecologies). 3. Analytical Generalization via Case Application: We applied the model to four desert cities in Iran—Yazd, Kerman, Tabas, Kashan—to examine how components operate in specific contexts. Cross-case comparison identified shared patterns (e.g., water-and-shade infrastructure as memory backbone) and divergences (e.g., post-disaster palimpsest in Tabas, tourism-mediated reframings in Yazd). 3. Results and discussion The model reads urban memory through two interlocking frames: a spatial–material lens that treats the city as a layered text—where durable forms (linear bazaars, mosque–square ensembles, caravanserais, introverted courtyard houses, gardens, qanat networks, windcatchers) and route logics turn places into “semantic nodes”—and a socio-cultural lens that sees memory as an ongoing practice sustained by rituals, commemorations, market routines, and acts of naming and archiving. Together they produce a living, palimpsestic and political map whose nodes (places) and edges (flows) are continuously renegotiated as heritage policies, redevelopment, branding, and counter-memories amplify or mute layers. Five external drivers shape change: climate/environmental risk; migration and demographic churn; political economy and development; tourism; and technology/platforms that algorithmically filter remembrance. Desert-city cases illustrate the dynamics: in Yazd, climate-adaptive infrastructures and rituals (e.g., nakhl-gardani at Amir Chakhmaq) anchor a network intensified by World Heritage status; in Kerman, the longitudinal covered bazaar (e.g., Ganjali Khan) functions as an everyday memory corridor; in Tabas, the 1978 earthquake rewrote layers via hybrid earthen-skinned reconstruction; and in Kashan, introverted houses and Fin Garden stabilize intergenerational belonging through repeated hashti–corridor–courtyard sequences. Across cases, “water-and-shade” infrastructures and the bazaar–mosque–square triad undergird memory, while intensity and direction vary with risk, policy, tourism, and media. To operationalize: a participatory GIS “Memory Atlas,” Intensity/Direction indices, microclimate-sensitive “Memory Corridors,” and “Memory Institutions” (local councils/NGOs) to steward naming, archives, polyphonic narratives, and memory-impact review. 4. Conclusion The paper advances a dual-frame, dynamic understanding of urban collective memory that spans material carriers and social practices, and demonstrates its value in desert cities where climate-wise infrastructures and ritualized life are tightly entwined. The model clarifies that memory is neither purely in the mind nor solely in monuments; it is situated, routinized, and negotiated within a moving network of places and practices. Applying the framework in Yazd, Kerman, Tabas, and Kashan reveals how enduring forms (qanats, windcatchers, bazaars, courtyards, gardens) operate as resilient anchors, while shocks, tourism, migration, and policy re-script the palimpsest. For policy and design, the findings recommend: (1) strengthening formation pathways through intergenerational storytelling, participatory interpretation at memory nodes, and curricular embedding; (2) managing re-reading/re-writing by codifying naming practices, adopting design codes that layer rather than erase, and institutionalizing public dialogue before interventions; and (3) enhancing memory-based resilience with digital documentation, local archives, and co-produced reconstruction after shocks. The proposed Memory Atlas, indices, corridors, and institutions provide a concrete toolbox to align conservation, mobility, public space design, and climate adaptation with the lived circuits of remembrance. Future research can extend the indices with sensor data and ethnography, and test transferability beyond desert contexts. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Halbwachs, Identity, Place of Memory, space, Topography of the City', s Collective Memory | ||
| مراجع | ||
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