Three-Dimensional Analysis of Seepage in Fractured Rock Masses and Evaluation of the Accuracy of Empirical Methods for Predicting Permeability in Cutoff Walls: A Case Study of Chamshir Dam | |
| روش های تحلیلی و عددی در مهندسی معدن | |
| مقاله 3، دوره 15، شماره 43، تیر 1404، صفحه 21-30 اصل مقاله (1.29 M) | |
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | |
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/anm.2025.22475.1654 | |
| نویسندگان | |
| Alireza Baghbanan* ؛ Masoud Dararbi؛ Amirhossein Momeni؛ Ahmad Rahmani Shahraki؛ Amin Azhari | |
| Dept. of Mining Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran | |
| چکیده | |
| The assessment of the permeability of fractured rock formations plays a crucial role in optimizing the design of impermeable layers in dam construction projects. Uncontrolled seepage and deficiencies in the preparation of dam foundations and abutments are among the primary causes of dam failures. This study focuses on the investigation of the permeability of fractured rock masses and the design of a cutoff wall using numerical modeling techniques. The fracture network was modeled using the discrete element method (DEM) in the 3DEC software, considering the joint patterns specific to the region. Geological conditions were incorporated into the three-dimensional model to enhance its realism and accuracy. The numerical model was validated by comparing its results with data obtained from Lugeon tests, ensuring the reliability of the simulations. The cutoff wall was designed in accordance with the geological and hydrogeological conditions of the site. The performance of the cutoff wall was analyzed by modeling two scenarios: one with the cutoff wall and the other without it, using the 3DEC and Seep/w software. Results from the seepage analyses conducted using these software tools showed that the implementation of the cutoff wall reduced seepage by 70% according to 3DEC and 80% according to Seep/w. Additionally, the permeability values obtained through various empirical methods were compared, and their errors were evaluated using the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) index. The obtained RMSE values for the methods are as follows: Dupuit (0.2× 10^-7), Altovsky (1.1× 10^-7), Moye (0.18 × 10^-7), Hoek-Bray (0.15 × 10^-7), and Verigin (0.1 × 10^-7), respectively. The findings revealed that the Hoek method and Verigin method provided the most accurate results, exhibiting the least amount of error when compared to other empirical methods. | |
| کلیدواژهها | |
| Rock Mass Permeability؛ Seepage Control؛ Cutoff Wall؛ Numerical Seepage Modeling؛ 3DEC؛ Seep/w | |
| عنوان مقاله [English] | |
| Three-Dimensional Analysis of Seepage in Fractured Rock Masses and Evaluation of the Accuracy of Empirical Methods for Predicting Permeability in Cutoff Walls: A Case Study of Chamshir Dam | |
| نویسندگان [English] | |
| Alireza Baghbanan؛ Masoud Dararbi؛ Amirhossein Momeni؛ Ahmad Rahmani Shahraki؛ Amin Azhari | |
| Dept. of Mining Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran | |
| چکیده [English] | |
| The assessment of the permeability of fractured rock formations plays a crucial role in optimizing the design of impermeable layers in dam construction projects. Uncontrolled seepage and deficiencies in the preparation of dam foundations and abutments are among the primary causes of dam failures. This study focuses on the investigation of the permeability of fractured rock masses and the design of a cutoff wall using numerical modeling techniques. The fracture network was modeled using the discrete element method (DEM) in the 3DEC software, considering the joint patterns specific to the region. Geological conditions were incorporated into the three-dimensional model to enhance its realism and accuracy. The numerical model was validated by comparing its results with data obtained from Lugeon tests, ensuring the reliability of the simulations. The cutoff wall was designed in accordance with the geological and hydrogeological conditions of the site. The performance of the cutoff wall was analyzed by modeling two scenarios: one with the cutoff wall and the other without it, using the 3DEC and Seep/w software. Results from the seepage analyses conducted using these software tools showed that the implementation of the cutoff wall reduced seepage by 70% according to 3DEC and 80% according to Seep/w. Additionally, the permeability values obtained through various empirical methods were compared, and their errors were evaluated using the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) index. The obtained RMSE values for the methods are as follows: Dupuit (0.2× 10^-7), Altovsky (1.1× 10^-7), Moye (0.18 × 10^-7), Hoek-Bray (0.15 × 10^-7), and Verigin (0.1 × 10^-7), respectively. The findings revealed that the Hoek method and Verigin method provided the most accurate results, exhibiting the least amount of error when compared to other empirical methods. | |
| کلیدواژهها [English] | |
| Rock Mass Permeability, Seepage Control, Cutoff Wall, Numerical Seepage Modeling, 3DEC, Seep/w | |
| مراجع | |
|
[1] J. Hu and F. Ma, Evaluation of remedial measures against foundation leakage problems of earth dams on pervious conglomerate strata: a case study, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, vol. 75, no. 4, pp. 1519–1540, 2016.
[2] M. J. Kazemzadeh‐Parsi and F. Daneshmand, Unconfined seepage analysis in earth dams using smoothed fixed grid finite element method, International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 780–797, 2012.
[3] D. U. Barboza and L. A. Bressani, Seepage Analysis of Concrete and Embankment Dam Abutment: A Case Study of the Ribeirão João Leite Dam, Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, vol. 42, no. 6, pp. 4349-4373, 2024.
[4] E. Wang, J. Zhong, Y. Zhao, and W. Mao, Analysis of seepage and seepage control measures in the rock masses of the Huilong pumped-storage power station, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, vol. 74, no. 4, pp. 1453–1462, 2015.
[5] S. Yuan and H. Zhong, Three-dimensional analysis of unconfined seepage in earth dams by the weak form quadrature element method, Journal of Hydrology, vol. 533, pp. 403–411, 2016.
[6] H. K. Shayan and E. Amiri-Tokaldany, Effects of blanket, drains, and cutoff wall on reducing uplift pressure, seepage, and exit gradient under hydraulic structures, International Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 13, pp. 486-500, 2015.
[7] Y. Li, Y. Chen, Q. Jiang, R. Hu, and C. Zhou, Performance assessment and optimization of seepage control system: A numerical case study for Kala underground powerhouse, Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 55, pp. 306–315, 2014.
[8] T. Jiang, J. Zhang, W. Wan, S. Cui, and D. Deng, 3D transient numerical flow simulation of groundwater bypass seepage at the dam site of Dongzhuang hydro-junction, Engineering Geology, vol. 231, pp. 176–189, 2017.
[9] S. Gao, J. Chai, J. Cao, Z. Xu, Y. Qin, M. Wang, and Y. Chai, Numerical simulation of concrete face rockfill dam seepage: case study of Miaojiaba dam, China, in Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Water Management, vol. 174, no. 5, pp. 236–251, 2021.
[10] W. Zhang, Z. Shen, G. Chen, W. Zhang, L. Xu, J. Ren, and F. Wang, Optimization design and assessment of the effect of seepage control at reservoir sites under karst conditions: A case study in Anhui Province, China, Hydrogeology Journal, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 1831–1855, 2021.
[11] G. Kheiri, H. Javdanian, and G. Shams, A numerical modeling study on the seepage under embankment dams, Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 1075–1087, 2020.
[12] H. F. Aghajani, M. M. Anzabi, Z. Sheikhi, and R. Shokri, Selecting optimum cutoff wall position for rehabilitation of an inclined core earthfill dam, in GeoShanghai International Conference, pp. 252–260, 2018.
[13] M. M. Sazzad and S. Alam, Effect of grout curtain on the seepage characteristics of earth dam by FEM, Journal of Geotechnical Studies, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 1–10, 2020.
[14] A. Torabi Haghighi, A. Tuomela, and A. A. Hekmatzadeh, Assessing the Efficiency of Seepage Control Measures in Earthfill Dams, Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 5667–5680, 2020.
[15] A. Moharrami, G. Moradi, M. H. Bonab, J. Katebi, and G. Moharrami, Performance of cutoff walls under hydraulic structures against uplift pressure and piping phenomenon, Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 95–103, 2015.
[16] E. Zhao and Y. Jiang, Seepage evolution model of the fractured rock mass under high seepage pressure in dam foundation, Advances in Civil Engineering, vol. 2021, 2021.
[17] H. R. Zarif Sanayei and H. Javdanian, Assessment of steady-state seepage through dams with nonsymmetric boundary conditions: analytical approach, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, vol. 192, no. 1, pp. 1–21, 2020.
[18] E. A. F. El-Kasaby, A. A. E. Hegazy, T. H. Nasrallah, and W. H. A. Elkhier, Experimental study of phreatic surface for earth dam with filter, Al-Azhar Univ. Civil Eng. Res. Mag., vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 99–110, 2019.
[19] R. H. Irzooki and A. Jamel, Experimental study of characteristics of top seepage line through homogenous earth dam using Hele-Shaw model, International Review of Civil Engineering (IRECE), vol. 3, no. 6, p. 480, 2012.
[20] K. Mizumura and T. Kaneda, Boundary condition of groundwater flow through sloping seepage face, Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, vol. 15, no. 9, pp. 718–724, 2010.
[21] M. A. Razek, A. A. Salam, and M. Attia, Analysis and Estimation of Seepage Through Earth Dams with Internal Cut Off, 2021.
[22] M. Chouireb, O. N. Noureddine, A. Djehiche, and G. Mostefa, Analysis and Estimation of Seepage through Homogeneous Earth Dams Using Neural Network and Empirical Equation, Advanced Engineering Forum, vol. 49, pp. 79-90, 2023, doi: 10.4028/p-ri07ns.
[23] M. Attia, M. Abdel Razek, and A. A. Salam, Seepage through earth dams with internal cut off, Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, vol. 39, no. 8, pp. 5767–5774, 2021.
[24] X. Tan, X. Wang, S. Khoshnevisan, X. Hou, and F. Zha, Seepage analysis of earth dams considering spatial variability of hydraulic parameters, Engineering Geology, vol. 228, pp. 260–269, 2017.
[25] S.-K. Chen, Q.-D. He, and J.-G. Cao, Seepage simulation of high concrete-faced rockfill dams based on generalized equivalent continuum model, Water Science and Engineering, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 250–257, 2018.
[26] X. Li, Y. Chen, R. Hu, and Z. Yang, Towards an optimization design of seepage control: A case study in dam engineering, Science China Technological Sciences, vol. 60, no. 12, pp. 1903–1916, 2017.
[27] Y. Xiang, L. Wang, S. Wu, H. Yuan, and Z. Wang, Seepage analysis of the fractured rock mass in the foundation of the main dam of the Xiaolangdi water control project, Environmental Earth Sciences, vol. 74, no. 5, pp. 4453–4468, 2015.
[28] J. Yang, L. Zhao, Z. Shen, L. Gan, and L. Xu, An efficient procedure for optimization design of anti-seepage curtains: a case study, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, vol. 80, no. 3, pp. 2671–2685, 2021.
[29] L. Zhang, H. Yang, H. Sun, and Z. Yang, Optimization analysis of seepage control design in Mopanshan Reservoir, northeastern China, Arabian Journal of Geosciences, vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 1–10, 2020.
[30] (2011), Geotechnical reports and studies of the Cham Shir Dam site by Tehran Sahab Consulting Engineers Company (In Persian).
[31] S. D. Priest and J. A. Hudson, Discontinuity spacings in rock, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 135-148, 1976/05/01/ 1976.
[32] T. Rives, M. Razack, J.-P. Petit, and K. Rawnsley, Joint spacing: analogue and numerical simulations, Journal of structural geology, vol. 14, no. 8-9, pp. 925-937, 1992.
[33] L. Huang, X. Su, and H. Tang, Optimal selection of estimator for obtaining an accurate three-dimensional rock fracture orientation distribution, Engineering Geology, vol. 270, p. 105575, 2020/06/05/ 2020.
[34] Minárik, M. Reevaluation of Methods for Estimating the Permeability of Selected Slovak Dams.
|
|
آمار
تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 183
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 156