ارزیابی شدت خشکسالی در جلگه بینالنهرین و تغییرات بارشهای ناشی از آن در نواحی غرب و جنوبغرب ایران | ||
| خشک بوم | ||
| دوره 14، شماره 2، مهر 1403، صفحه 1-17 اصل مقاله (1.15 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.29252/aridbiom.2024.22214.2029 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| پروانه سبحانی1؛ افشین دانهکار* 2 | ||
| 1استادیار گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرمآباد، ایران | ||
| 2استاد گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| جلگه بینالنهرین از جمله حوضههای آبی مشترک در منطقة خاورمیانه میباشد که در دهههای اخیر تغییرات اکولوژیک و هیدرولوژیکی عمدهای را شاهد بوده است. از اینرو، خشکشدن گسترده پهنههای آبی این جلگه تخریب وسیع اکوسیستم منطقه و گسترش بیسابقه بیابان را به دنبال داشته است. بر این اساس، در این مطالعه به بررسی روند تغییرات پهنههای آبی جلگه بینالنهرین در طی چهار دهه اخیر با استفاده از تصاویر ماهوارهای و ارزیابی شدت خشکسالی و تغییرات بارشهای ناشی از آن با استفاده از شاخصهای SPI، RAI و PNI در طی سالهای 1980 تا 2022 پرداخته شد. همانطور که نتایج نشان داد در طی این سالها، بهدلیل عوامل مختلفی از جمله تغییرات اقلیم، کاهش بارندگیها، خشکسالی، سدسازیهای صورت گرفته توسط کشور ترکیه و غیره منجر به افزایش روند کاهشی در پهنههای آبی و در نتیجه گسترش خشکسالیها در این جلگه شده است که بیشترین مساحت پهنههای آبی با مقدار 153573 هکتار مربوط به سال 1980 و همچنین کمترین مساحت آبی با مساحت 98765 هکتار به سال 2022 اختصاص یافته است. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده از شاخصهای SPI، RAI و NPI، خشکسالی در سالهای 1980-1999 در سه مرحله و با کاهش بارندگی 44%، در سالهای 2000-2010 در دو مرحله و با کاهش بارندگی 5/17%، در سالهای 2011-2015 با %34 کاهش بارندگی نسبت به میانگین بلندمدت و در سالهای 2016-2022 ادامه خشکسالی در بعضی مناطق کشور نظیر مناطق جنوب و جنوبشرقی و تا حدودی جنوبغرب کشورقابل مشاهده است. بدینترتیب بیشترین خشکسالیها در دهههای 1990-2000 و 2007 -2015 ثبت و گزارش شده است. از اینرو، برنامهریزی صحیح در راستای کنترل خشکسالی در منطقه و به دنبال آن پیامدهای محیط زیستی همچون افزایش گردوغبار و سایر پیامدهای زیستی در کشور امری ضروری است. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| شدت خشکسالی؛ جلگه بینالنهرین؛ شاخصهای SPI RAI و PNI؛ غرب و جنوبغرب ایران | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Assessing the severity of drought in the Mesopotamian Plain and the changes in rainfall caused by it in the western and southwestern regions of Iran | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Parvaneh Sobhani1؛ Afshin Danehkar2 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor, Assistant Professor, Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran | ||
| 2Professor, Department of Environmental Science, Natural Resources Faculty, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The Mesopotamian Plain is one of the common water basins in the Middle East region, which has witnessed major ecological and hydrological changes in recent decades. Therefore, the extensive drying of the water areas of this plain has led to the widespread destruction of the region's ecosystem and the unprecedented expansion of the desert. Based on this, in this study, the trend of changes in the water areas of the inter-Nahrin plain during the last four decades using satellite images and evaluating the severity of drought and the changes in rainfall caused by it using SPI indicators. RAI and PNI were paid during the years 1989 to 2022. As the results showed, during these years, due to various factors, including climate changes, decrease in rainfall, drought, dam constructions by Turkey, etc., led to an increase in the decreasing trend in water areas and as a result, the spread of droughts. It has been done in this calvary. In addition, the drought situation during the years 1980 to 2022 based on the average rainfall and also the percentage of SPI, RAI and NPI indicates that the most droughts are related to the decades of 1990-2000 and 2007-2015 and the continuation of droughts until 2022 can be seen in the south and southeast and to some extent in the west and southwest of the country. Therefore, proper planning is needed in order to control the drought in the region and then environmental consequences such as it is necessary to increase dust and other biological consequences in the country. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Drought intensity, Mesopotamia plain, SPI RAI and PNI indices, West and southwest of Iran | ||
| مراجع | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 472 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 307 |
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