بررسی اثر مراحل فنولوژیک و ارتفاع از سطح دریا بر صفات مورفولوژیک، کمیت و کیفیت اسانس پونه وحشی (Mentha longifolia L.) در کوه تفتان | ||
| خشک بوم | ||
| دوره 14، شماره 1، فروردین 1403، صفحه 123-139 اصل مقاله (1.17 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.29252/aridbiom.2024.21519.2010 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| پرویز بختیاری‌نیا1؛ احمد قنبری2؛ اسماعیل سیدآبادی* 3؛ مصطفی خواجه4 | ||
| 1دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد اگرواکولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران | ||
| 2استاد گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران | ||
| 3دانشیار گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران | ||
| 4استاد گروه شیمی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| پونه وحشی یکی از گونه‌های جنس نعناع است که در کشور ایران رویش طبیعی دارد. تحقیق حاضر به منظور بررسی اثر ارتفاع از سطح دریا و مراحل فنولوژیک بر روی صفات مورفولوژیک، کمیت و کیفیت متابولیتهای ثانویه پونه وحشی در ارتفاعات تفتان انجام گردید. پژوهش به‌صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا گردید. فاکتورهای آزمایشی شامل ارتفاع در 4 سطح (1800-1600، 2000-1800، 2200-2000 و 2400-2200 متر از سطح دریا) و مراحل فنولوژیک در دو سطح (آغاز گلدهی و گلدهی کامل) بودند. پس از تهیه نمونه از سرشاخههای این گونهها در ارتفاعات و مراحل فنولوژیکی مورد نظر، صفات کمی شامل ارتفاع بوته، وزن خشک بوته، طول ریشه، وزن خشک ریشه و صفات بیوشیمیایی شامل درصد بازده اسانس، ترکیبات اسانس، میزان فلاونوئید کل، فنل کل و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی اندازهگیری شد. سپس همبستگی تیمارهای آزمایشی و صفات مورد بررسی انجام گرفت. از دستگاههای گاز کروماتوگرافی (GC) متصل شده به طیف جرمی (GC/MS) جهت شناسایی ترکیبهای تشکیل‌دهنده اسانس استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که صفات ارتفاع بوته، وزن خشک بوته در اثر افزایش ارتفاع از سطح دریا کاهش و صفات طول ریشه، وزن خشک ریشه، محتوای فنول کل، محتوای فلاونوئید کل و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی افزایش می‌یابد. همچنین مرحله گلدهی کامل باعث بهبود صفات کمی و کیفی مورد بررسی شد. بین بازده اسانس و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی همبستگی منفی و معنی‌دار، بین فنل کل و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌دار، بین فلاونوئید و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی همبستگی منفی و معنی‌دار، بین فنل و فلاونوئید همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌دار وجود داشت. مهم‌ترین ترکیبات پونه وحشی شامل α-Thujene، α-Pinene، β-Pinene، 1,8-Cineole، Limonene، Menthone، Menthol، Piperitenone oxid، Piperitenone، α-Terpinene، Thymol، Myrcene و Pulegone میباشند. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که مقدار این ترکیبات تحت تآثیر هر دو عامل ارتفاع از سطح دریا و مرحله فنولوژیک قرار گرفته اند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| متابولیتهای ثانویه؛ گلدهی کامل؛ فنل کل؛ آنتی اکسیدان | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Investigating the effect of phenological stage and altitude on morphological traits, quantity and quality of essential oil of wild mint (Mentha longifolia L.) in Taftan Mountain | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Parviz Bakhtiari Nia1؛ Ahmed Ghanbari2؛ Esmaeel Seyedabadi3؛ Mostafa Khajeh4 | ||
| 1Master's degree in Agroecology, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran | ||
| 2Professor, Department of Agronomy, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran | ||
| 3Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran | ||
| 4Professor, Department of Chemistry, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The wild oregano is a species of flowering plant in the mint family Lamiaceae that grows naturally in Iran. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of altitude and phenological stages on the morphological traits, quantity, and quality of secondary metabolites of wild oregano in the highlands of Taftan. The experiment was conducted as a factorial design in a completely randomized design with three replications. The experimental factors included altitude at four levels (1600-1800, 1800-2000, 2000-2200, and 2200-2400 meters above sea level) and phenological stages at two levels (beginning of flowering and full flowering). After preparing samples from the branches of these species at various altitudes and phenological stages, the quantitative traits including plant height, plant dry weight, root length, root dry matter, and biochemical traits including essential oil yield percentage, essential oil compounds, total flavonoid content, total phenol, and antioxidant activity were measured. Then the correlation of the experimental treatments and investigated traits was done. Gas chromatography (GC) devices connected to mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were used to identify the constituents of essential oil. The results showed that the traits of plant height, and plant dry matter decreased due to the increase in altitude above sea level, and the traits of root length, root dry matter, total phenol content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity increased. Moreover, the full flowering stage improved the quantitative and qualitative traits investigated. There was a negative and significant correlation between essential oil yield and antioxidant activity, a positive and significant correlation between total phenol and antioxidant activity, a negative and significant correlation between flavonoid and antioxidant activity, and a positive and significant correlation between phenol and flavonoid. The major components of wild mint included α-Thujene, α-Pinene, β-Pinene, 1,8-Cineole, Limonene, Menthone, Menthol, Piperitenone oxide, Piperitenone, α-Terpinene, Thymol, Myrcene and Pulegone. The results also indicated that the amount of these compounds was influenced by both altitude and phenological stage. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Secondary metabolites, Full flowering, Gas chromatography, Phenological stage, Total phenol, Antioxidant | ||
| مراجع | ||
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