برآورد اثرات انتقالی نرخ ارز بر قیمت زیربخشهای صنعت در ایران با رویکرد بیزی | ||
| سیاست گذاری اقتصادی | ||
| دوره 17، شماره 33، فروردین 1404، صفحه 57-84 اصل مقاله (624.34 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/epj.2024.21571.2593 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| حسن حیدری1؛ سحر بشیری* 2 | ||
| 1استادیار گروه اقتصاد دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار و عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه حضرت معصومه (س)، قم، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در این مقاله تأثیر تغییرات نرخ ارز بر روی قیمتهای بخش صنعت در سطحهای کلی و زیربخشهای آن، طی دوره زمانی بهار 1375 الی تابستان 1402 با استفاده از الگوهای خودرگرسیونی برداری با روش برآورد بیزی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته است. نتایج نشانمیدهد که در سطح کل صنعت واکنش شاخصهای قیمت کالاهای وارداتی و صادراتی به یک شوک ارزی یکسان نیست. شاخص قیمت کالاهای وارداتی (5/76 درصد) و بعد از آن کالاهای صادراتی (3/32 درصد) در سال اول بیشترین افزایش را نسبت به سایر شاخصهای قیمت دارند. همچنین شوک بازار ارز موجب افزایش تورم شاخص قیمت کالاهای صنعتی میشود. اثرپذیری شاخص قیمت کالاهای صنعتی از شوک ارزی در ماههای ابتدایی بسیار شبیه به اثرپذیری قیمت کالاهای وارداتی است بهطوریکه در سال اول به اوج خود میرسد اما پس از آن بهتدریج تا پایان سال دوم اثر نرخ ارز بر قیمت کالاهای صنعتی از بین میرود. میتوان نتیجه گرفت که اثر انتقالی نرخ ارز به قیمتهای داخلی در بخش صنعت ناقص است. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که صنایع «تولید زغال سنگ- پالایشگاههای نفت»، «تولید ابزار پزشکی، اپتیکی، ...»، و «تولید رادیو و تلویزیون و دستگاهها» بیشترین واکنش و در مقابل، بهترتیب صنایع «تولید منسوجات»، «دباغی و عمل آوردن چرم و ساخت کیف و چمدان» و «تولید پوشاک عمل آوردن و رنگ کردن پوست خزدار» کمترین میزان واکنش به شوک بازار ارز را نشان میدهند. از آنجاییکه افزایش نرخ ارز سبب افزایش هزینههای تولید و افزایش قیمت محصولات میشود. تداوم تثبیت بازار ارز ابزاری جهت کاهش نرخ تورم از این مسیر میشود. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| اثر انتقالی نرخ ارز؛ اقتصادسنجی بیزی؛ صنعت؛ ایران | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Estimating the exchange rate pass through on the price of Manufacturing sub-sectors in Iran with a Bayesian approach | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Hassan Heydari1؛ Sahar Bashiri2 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor of Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 2Assistant Professor of Economics, Hazrat-e Masoumeh University, Qom, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Purpose: It is commonly known that the exchange rate is one of the most important macroeconomic variables whose changes strongly influence a country's balance of payments and international competitiveness. Exchange rate fluctuations affect the production costs of companies whose products have an import component. The manufacturing sector is also affected by the foreign exchange market and its fluctuations, as it interacts with the global economy through the export of products and the import of means of production. Economic policy makers should know how changes in the nominal exchange rate will affect prices at the sectoral level. This paper aims to examine the impact of the exchange rate on manufacturing prices both at the general level and at the sub-sector level. Methodology: The methodology used in this study is based on Bayesian vector auto-regression models. The data are seasonal and cover the period from spring 1996 to summer 2023. In this study, the BVAR model was used for 22 manufacturing subsectors at the two-digit ISIC code level and for the entire manufacturing sector, resulting in a total of 23 models. Before estimations, the data were tested to determine whether they had a unit root or not. In addition, before estimating the VAR model, the appropriate number of axis intercepts should be determined for the model. The likelihood ratio test was used for this purpose. First, the LR test was used to sequentially test the null hypothesis that the interval between the equations was not significant and the counter-hypothesis that at least one of the coefficients was non-zero. After selecting the variables and estimating the models, the pass-through of the exchange rates to the different prices was examined by analyzing the shock-response functions. Given the different effects of the exchange rate pass-through on the chain of price indices, the question arises as how the increase in the exchange rate affects the individual price indices as a whole and what percentage share this increase has in the individual price indices. They reflect the exchange rate pass-through. To answer this question, a method introduced by Farooqi (2006) was used. After estimating the BVAR model, the shock response functions were defined cumulatively. Then, the size of the cumulative effect caused by the exchange rate change on each price index was compared with the size of the cumulative effect of the currency shock on the exchange rate. Findings and discussion: The results show that the price indices for imported and exported goods at the level of total manufacturing do not react in the same way as an exchange rate shock. The price indices of imported goods (76.5 percent) and exported goods (32.3 percent) show the highest increase in the first year compared to the other price indices. The effect of the exchange rate shock on the price index of manufactured goods in the first months is very similar to the effect of the price of imported goods. It reaches its peak in the first year, but, after that, the effect of the exchange rate on the prices of manufactured goods gradually disappears by the end of the second year. This suggests that the impact of the exchange rate on domestic manufacturing prices is incomplete. The results also show that the "manufacture of coke, refined petroleum products and nuclear fuel", "manufacture of medical, precision and optical instruments and watches", and "manufacture of radio, television and communication equipment" industries react most strongly to the shock. By contrast, the sectors showing the least reaction to the exchange rate shock are "manufacture of textiles", "tanning and dressing of leather, luggage, handbags, saddlery, harness and footwear", "manufacture of wearing apparel, dressing and dyeing of fur", and "manufacture of tobacco products”. Conclusions and policy implications: According to the results of the study, it is recommended that the policy of stabilizing the foreign exchange market be continued. This is because the increase in the exchange rate leads to an increase in production costs and affects various industries in the country. Finally, it increases the price of products. Therefore, the continued stabilization of the foreign exchange market will reduce the inflation rate. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Exchange Rate Pass Through", Bayesian Econometrics", Manufacturing", ", Iran" | ||
| مراجع | ||
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