ناخودآگاه تباری و ترجیح همسانی سرپوش های انسانی و آسمانه بناها (گزارش همانندی 50 سرپوش انسان و سرپوش بنا در بین اقوام آسیای شرقی، غربی و میانه) | ||
| معماری اقلیم گرم و خشک | ||
| دوره 11، شماره 18، اردیبهشت 1403، صفحه 87-109 اصل مقاله (2.46 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/ahdc.2024.21223.1785 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مسعود وحدت طلب* 1؛ اکرم یغموری2 | ||
| 1دانشیار دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز | ||
| 2دانشجوی دکترای معماری اسلامی، گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| ناخودآگاه جمعی کارگزار بسیاری از کنش‌های هنری است و معمولا در تعیین کلیات آنها، نقش اصلی را ایفا می‌کند. اما تجربه نشان می‌دهد این ناخودآگاه تباری است که در ماندگاری و حتی جزئیات آثار هنری، ازخود کارآیی بیشتری نشان می‌دهد. هدف این پژوهش نشان دادن تاثیر ناخودآگاه تباری در جاری‌سازی الگوهای ماندگار معماری با رویکرد روانی_زیستی است. سؤال اصلی عبارتند از: بین الگوهای سرپوش‌های بومی و الگوهای ماندگار آسمانه بناها در مناطق آسیایی چه مقدار همسانی وجود دارد؟ برای رســیدن به پاســخ این پرسش، از روش تحقیق تفسیری_ تاریخی و روش استدلال، قیاسی_استقرایی استفاده شد. بدین منظور از میان سه منطقه آسیای شرقی، میانه و غربی، و از کشورهایی با اقلیم و مردمانی دارای هویت قومی مشابه، همچنین تاثیرگذار بر فرهنگ و معماری زمانه، 50 آسمانه معماری بعد قرن 10، به روش کتابخانه‌ای انتخاب گردید سپس با استفاده از نرم افزارهای اتوکد و فتوشاپ، تناسبات شکلی آسمانه بناها با کلاه‌های رایج و مشابه هر منطقه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. طبق یافته‌های تحقیق که بیش از 85 درصد هم پوشانی را بین فرم های کالیبره شده نشان می دهد؛ الگوی آسمانه ها محدود به سازه، کاربری و اقلیم نیست و معماران، ضمن توجه به این موارد، برای پاسخ به نیازهای زیستی و روانی، سرپوش های اصیل و بومی هر تبار را در آسمانه های آن سرزمین به کار بسته اند. زیرا این الگوها با وجود تفاوت در مصالح، هم از منظر اقلیمی و هم از منظر سلایق فرهنگی بیشترین سازگاری را دارند. این تشابهات علاوه بر خطوط پیرامونی گاه در نقوش، بافت و حتی رنگ و جزئیات نیز قابل رویت است. از این رو میتوان گفت: ناخودآگاه تباری در حوزه شکلی، با غربال باورها، هنجارها بر اساس آزموده‌های موفق، فرم‌های منتج از آنها را پاس می‌دارد و این الگوهای متنوع بومی را در معماری تبار خویش به کار می‌بندد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| ناخوداگاه‌تباری؛ سرپوش؛ آسمانه؛ خویشتن_خواهی؛ انسان انگاری | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Semi-Collective Unconscious and Preference for the Sameness of Head covers and domes of Buildings (Report on the Resemblance Between Fifty Patterns of Human Head Covers and Architectural Head Covers among the Tribes of Eastern, Western, and Central) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Massud Wahdattalab1؛ akram yaghmoori2 | ||
| 1Associate professor of faculty of architecture, Tabriz Islamic Art University | ||
| 2Phd student, Faculty of Architectural and Urbanism, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The collective unconscious is the agent of many artistic actions, and it usually plays the most important role in the shaping of their overall themes. However, experience shows that the semi-collective unconscious is more effective in the lasting of the forms and even the details of artworks. Using a psycho-biological approach, this research aims to show the influence of the semi-collective unconscious on the institutionalization of admired patterns. The main question is: How similar are the head covers worn by native people of Asia to the same enduring patterns of domes in the tribes of Asia? To answer this question, the historical-interpretive research method and analogical-inductive reasoning method were used. To this end, 50 post - from 10th-century domes were selected using the library method from three regions — East, Central, and West Asia — and from countries with similar climates and peoples with similar ethnic identities who influenced the culture and architecture. Auto CAD and Photoshop software were then used to calibrate the proportions of the domes with common and similar hats in each region. According to research findings, which show more than 85% overlap between calibrated forms; the pattern of domes is not restricted to structure, function, and climate. The architects and creators of this art, while taking these factors into account, have utilized authentic and indigenous covering of each region in the domes of that land to fulfill biological and psychological needs. Because these patterns are the most compatible with climate and cultural tastes despite the material differences. In addition to the peripheral lines, these similarities can sometimes be seen in patterns, textures, and even colors and details. Therefore, it can be said: semi-collective unconscious, in the field of form, with the sieve of beliefs, and norms based on successful subjects, honors the resulting forms and uses these diverse local patterns in the architecture of its origin. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Semi-collective unconscious, head cover, dome, egoism, anthropomorphism | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
- Abbasi, S. M. (2018). "The Psychology Behind the Relationship between Fashion Design & Architecture" Jeddah, KSA: Chair of the Fashion Design Program, Dar Al-Hekma University, Int. J. Adv. Res. 6(11), 674-681, 2018. -Akbari, A. (2017). The architecture of silence: the metaphorical meaning of presence and solitude. Shiveh, bi-monthly specialized art magazine of Tehran: House of Iranian artists Artists - Alexander, Christopher. 1979. The Timeless Way of Building. New York: Oxford University Press. -Alexander, Ch. (2003). The nature of order. Vol 4, Centure for inviromental structure. -Anderson, A. T. (2006). On the Human Figure in Architectural Representation. Journal of Architectural Education, (55)4, 238-246. -Azkia, M., Darban Astaneh, A.R., (2010), Applied Research Methods, Tehran: Keihan Publications [In persian] -Barabanov, A. A. (2002). Urban Bodies. Man, and Architecture: Semantics of Relations, (1)7, 40-52. - Castan, M., Tomico, O. (2017), When Dose Clothing Become Textile Architecture? Creating Dynamic Qualitie. Nordes_Nordic Design Research, No 10, 1-10 -Corradi, G., Chuquichambi, E. G, Barrada, J. R,. Clemente, A. Nadal, M. (2020). A new conception of visual aesthetic sensitivity, British Journal of Psychology, 111(4). 630-658, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12427 - Ali, N. O., & Rebeh. Z. O. (2021). The Interrelationship Between Fashion and Architecture. International Journal of Humanities and Educational Research, 525-539 -Goffman, E. (1951). “Symbols of Class Status.” British Journal of Sociology 2:294–304 -Guthrie, S. E. anthropomorphism. (2008, 15 Apr). Encyclopedia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/topic/anthropomorphism. Accessed 5 May 2023. -Hanquinet. L. (2018). ‘But is it good?’ Why Aesthetic Values Matter in Sociological Accounts of Tastes, Journal of Cultural Analysis and Social Change, 3(2), 09, DOI:10.20897/jcasc/3990 - Hanquinet, L., Roose, H., Savage, M. (2014). The Eyes of the Beholder: Aesthetic Preferences and the Remaking of Cultural Capital, Sage Journal, 48(1), 111-132. -Heinrich, M. (2014). The Hidden Appeal. Anthropomorphic, Biomorphic and Narrative Aspects of Visual Perception in Spatial Arts, Architecture & Design. Athens: Visual and Performing ArtsAt, 3-28. -Kazzazi, M. (1993). The Dream, the Epic, the Myth. Tehran: Nashr-e markaz [In persian] -Kheirabadi, F. & Kheirabadi, Kh. (2016). Status of Racial Patterns in The Collective Subconscious Minds. Ruyesh Psychology, 6(3 (20)), 7-18. [In persian] -Khordadbeh, Ibn (846). Book of Roads and Kingdoms. Translated by Khakrand, S. (1992), Tehran: The heritage of nations [In persian] -Kumari, Annu, (2019), “Elucidation of relationship between clothing silhouette and motifs with Indian Mughal architecture,” India,: Kumari Fash Text, University Madhya Pradesh. -Fawcett, L. (1989). Anthropomorphism: In the Web of Culture. Undercurrents, (1)1, 14-20. -Gaskell, I. (2018). Race, Aesthetics, and Shelter: Toward a Postcolonial Historical Taxonomy of Buildings. The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, 77(4), 379-390. - Miles, G. (2008). Skin+Bones: Parallel Practices in Fashion and Architecture, Museum of Contemporary Art (MOCA), Los Angeles. -Morshedizadeh, A. (2000). Ethnic loyalty and national identity. Book of the Moon (social sciences), 4(11) [In persian] -Mondegari, K., & Nadimi, Z. (2016). Analyzing Constitutive Principles of the Hierarchy of the Concept of Center. Journal of Architecture in Hot and Dry Climate, Yazd University, 4(4), 33-47. [In persian] - Nadimi, Z., mondegari, K., & Mohammadi, A. (2022). Modes of Center, Analysis of a Semantic Hierarchy of Center. Journal of Iranian Architecture Studies, 3(5), 115-129. [In persian] -Naghizadeh, M. (2002). The influence of architecture and the city on cultural values. Honar-Ha-Ye-Ziba, -(11), 62-76. [In persian] -Pakzad, J. (1996). Hoviyyat va Hamzatpendari ba Faza [Identity and Identification with Space]. Soffeh, 6(21- 22), 100-106. [In persian] -Polovtsev A.A. (1992). Aleksei Mikhailovich // Russkii biograficheskii slovar. V. 2. M.: Aspect Press LTD. -Pond, I. N. (1891). Architectural Kinships. The Inland Architect and News Record, 17(2), 22-24. -Pond, I. N. (1918). Meaning of Architecture. Boston: Marshal Jones Company. -Salingaros, N. (2021). Connecting to the World: Christopher Alexander’s Tool for Human-Centered Design, She Ji: The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, 6(4):455-481. -Shafieyan daraie, F. Pourjafar, M.R, Ghobadi, A.R, (2015). The Concept of Persistence in Islamic Architecture and comparing it to the Concept of Sustainability in Contemporary Architecture, Journal of Researches in Islamic Architecture, Iran University of Science & Technology, 2 (4) :32-48. [In persian] -Tekel, A. (2015). Estetik Yargı ve Estetik Yargıyı Etkileyen Faktörler. Makaleler, (16), 149-157. - Thoreau, H. D. 1854. Walden; Or, Life in the Woods. Boston: Ticknor and Fields. Ubaid, W. Saleh, M. (2022). The Participatory Relationship between Fashion and Architecture. Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning. -Vahdat-talab, M. (2013). Self-Centered Aesthetics: The Role of Shared Bio-Psychological Nature in Aesthetical Judgment. Soffeh, 24(64), 5-18. [In persian] -Vischer, R. (1994). On optical sence of form: A countribution to aesthetics, in Empathy, Form, and Space: Problems in German Aesthetics, 1873-1893, Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities, Los Angeles.
-Weinberger, a. b, Garside, e. w, Alexander, P. Christensen, p. a & Chatterjee, A. (2022). Effects of expertise on psychological responses to buildings and natural landscapes, Journal of Environmental Psychology 84(9), 101903, DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2022.101903 -Zöllner, f. (2011). Anthropomorphism. Towards a Social History of Proportion in Architecture, Proportions. Proportions. Science-Musique-Peinture & ArchitectureEditors: Philippe Vendrix, Sabine Rommevaux, Vasco Zara: Proportions. Science, musique, peinture & architecture; actes du LIe Colloque International d'Études Humanistes, 443-456. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 258 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 247 |
||