تطبیق ساختار روایی رمان «وحدها شجرة الرّمان» سنان انطون با نظریه‌ی روایت‌شناسی گریماس | ||
| نقد ادب معاصر عربی | ||
| دوره 14، شماره 27، دی 1403، صفحه 1-25 اصل مقاله (390.91 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/mcal.2024.20584.2341 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محدثه مزوری1؛ علی نجفی ایوکی* 2؛ محسن سیفی3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکترای زبان و ادبیات عربی دانشگاه کاشان | ||
| 2عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه کاشان | ||
| 3عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه کاشان | ||
| چکیده | ||
| داستان، بسانِ آینه‌ای، تحولات روحی انسان‌ها را در خود بازتاب می‌دهد و به همین دلیل از دیرباز مورد توجه بشر بوده است. بررسی روایت و داستان نیز سابقه‌ا‌‌ی دیرینه دارد و به پژوهش‌های ارسطو بازمی‌گردد. در دوره معاصر ، گریماس، نشانه‌شناس لیتوانیایی از دریچه‌ای دیگر به بررسی روایت و داستان می‌پردازد. هدف او از بررسی داستان، رسیدن به یک طرح کلی است که تمام روایت‌ها از آن پیروی می‌کنند. گریماس همه‌ی روایت‌ها را تابع یکی از این دو ساختار می‌داند: 1-قرارداد (ممنوعیت) _نقض_مجازات 2- بی‌نظمی یا عدم وجود قرارداد_نظم یا وجود قرارداد. بر مبنای الگوی گریماس در تمامی روایت‌ها شش عنصر روایی وجود دارد که عبارتند از: فاعل، هدف، گیرنده، فرستنده ،یاریگر، بازدارنده. باور او این است که در همه‌ی داستان‌ها گزاره‌های روایی که شامل وصفی، وجهی و متعدی است و همچنین زنجیره‌های روایی قابل مشاهده است. بر این اساس، پژوهش حاضر می‌کوشد با اتخاذ رویکرد توصیفی _ تحلیلی و بر پایه‌ی نظریه‌ی روایت‌شناسی گریماس رمان «وحدها شجرة الرّمان» سنان انطون را مورد ارزیابی قرار دهد. بررسی نشان از آن دارد که این رمان، بن-مایه اجتماعی_سیاسی دارد و از ساختار قرارداد _ نقض_مجازات پیروی می‌کند. همچنین شش عنصر روایی، گزاره‌ها و زنجیره‌های روایی نظریه‌ی گریماس در این رمان مشاهده می‌شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| روایت‌شناسی؛ ساختار روایی؛ گریماس؛ سنان انطون؛ وحدها شجرة الرّمان | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Adaptation of Narrative Structure of the Novel 'The lone Pomegranate Tree' Written by Senan Anton with Greimas Narratology Theory | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| mohadeseh mazuri1؛ Ali najafi ivaki2؛ mohsen seifi3 | ||
| 1PhD student of Arabic language and literature, Kashan University1 | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Kashan University | ||
| 3Arabic literature and language,universiy of kashan,kashan | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Adaptation of Narrative Structure of the Novel The lone Pomegranate Tree with Greimas Narratology Theory Introduction: A narrative consists of a sequential series of events, and a crucial condition of this sequence is the interconnectedness of these events. Narration begins with the history of humanity, and its antiquity is as old as mankind's discovery of literary innovations. The examination of narration has been a subject of interest itself since ancient times and traces back to Aristotle's studies. One of the schools that delved into narratology in contemporary times is the Structuralist School, which aims to uncover the language of narration and the structure behind it. The first person to propose a structural analysis pattern for stories was Vladimir Propp. Following him, another structuralist named Greimas delved into the study of narration. Using his theory, it's possible to comprehensively examine the structure of a narrative. This article aims to adapt a descriptive-analytical method to compare the narrative structure of the lone pomegranate tree novel with Greimas narratology theory. Methodology: Greimas, seeks a generalizable overarching structure in all narratives, considering them all to be subject to a common structure despite their differences. In his analysis of narrative and stories, he focuses on the general narrative structure, narrative elements, propositions, and narrative chains. Results and Discussion: According to Greimas, all narratives have one of the following two structures: 1. Contract-Violation-Punishment 2. Absence of Contract-Existence of Contract The lone pomegranate tree novel follows the first model structure. The main character in this novel is Javad, His father owns a funeral home (where dead bodies get washed to become ready for burial), and the occupation of washing the deceased is an inherited profession in their family. The father expects Javad to continue his occupation. This familial arrangement aligns with the contract of Greimas theory. However, Javad possesses a passion for art and shows no inclination towards the funeral home business. This contravenes the established familial agreement, coinciding with a violation as outlined in Greimas theory. His father opposes his decision, resulting in a consequence that matches the concept of punishment in Greimas theory. On the other hand, the six narrative elements that Greimas believes exist in all narratives can also be found in this novel. These six elements are as follows: 1. Character: In the discussed novel, the protagonist is Javad. 2. Goal: Javad's goal is to pursue studies in art field. 3. Receiver: The one who benefits from the actions of the story's character, in this case, is Javad himself. 4. Sender: Someone or something that propels the protagonist toward their goal, which in this novel is Javad's passion and feelings towards art. 5. Helper: Someone who assists the protagonist in achieving their goal, which in this novel includes Javad's brother Amir, his mentor Raed, and his uncle. 6. Opponent: The force that opposes the protagonist's goal, in this case, would be Javad's father and political and social conditions in Iraq. According to Greimas theory, every narrative is composed of three propositions: 1. Descriptive Proposition: It portrays the characteristics and situations of the protagonist. In this novel, Javad is depicted as an art enthusiast who opposes his father's profession, and he suffers from nightly nightmares. All these attributes find their place in the descriptive proposition. 2. Cognitive Proposition: The desires and beliefs of the protagonist are included in this proposition. For example, Javad wishes to become a prominent artist in Iraq one day. 3. Actional Proposition: All the actions of the protagonist are encompassed within this proposition. For instance, from childhood, Javad engages in designing everything and exerts great effort to become an artist. According to Greimas theory, the structure of a narrative consists of three narrative chains: 1. The Contractual Chain: Creating a contract and breaking it are elements of this chain. In this novel, Javad makes a personal contract with himself to pursue a career in art and find a job aligned with his field. However, due to the political and social conditions in Iraq, he is forced to break this contract. 2. The Executive Chain: This chain pertains to actions and tasks that imply execution and a mission. All of Javad's efforts to achieve his goal are encompassed within this chain. 3. The Disjunctive Chain: According to Greimas theory, all stories move from a negative situation to a positive one, or vice versa. This novel transitions from a positive situation to a negative one. At the beginning, Javad leads a peaceful life. However, throughout the story, his brother is killed, his father passes away, and despite his efforts to become an artist, he fails to achieve his goal. Conclusion: From the analysis of the lone pomegranate tree novel the following results are obtained: The overall structure of this novel is Contract-Violation-Punishment. The six narrative elements of the novel are as follows: 1. Character: Javad. 2. Goal: Pursuing studies in the field of art. 3. Receiver: Javad himself. 4. Sender: His passion and feelings towards art. 5. Helper: Mentor Raed, Javad's brother, and his uncle. 6. Opponent: Javad's father and the political and social conditions in Iraq. In this novel, the narrative propositions of Greimas theory (cognitive, descriptive, and actional) are identifiable. The narrative chains of Greimas theory (contractual, executive, and disjunctive) are present in this novel. Keywords: Narratology, Narrative Structure, Greimas, Senan Antoun, The Lone Pomegranate Tree | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Narratology, Narrative Structure, Greimas, Senan Anton, The Lone Pomegranate Tree | ||
| مراجع | ||
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