تغییرات زمانی و مکانی مانگروهای گواتر و نایبند و برآورد شدت فعالیت‌های صیادی مؤثر بر این زیستگاه‌ها در خلیج فارس و دریای عمان | ||
| خشک بوم | ||
| دوره 13، شماره 2، مهر 1402، صفحه 71-93 اصل مقاله (2.21 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.29252/aridbiom.2024.20817.1970 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| بهاره مهیمنی1؛ الهه خدابخشی‌کرلایی1؛ هانا اعتمادی* 2؛ داوود مافی‌غلامی3؛ اسماعیل عباسی2 | ||
| 1دانش‌آموخته دانشکده علوم و فناوری نانو و زیستی، دانشگاه خلیج فارس، بوشهر، ایران | ||
| 2گروه محیط زیست، پژوهشکده خلیج فارس، دانشگاه خلیج فارس، بوشهر، ایران | ||
| 3گروه علوم جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| اکوسیستم‌های مانگروها دارای خدمات اکوسیستمی فراوان هستند و نقش بسزایی در پایداری اکوسیستم ساحلی ایفا می‌کنند. بنابراین، هدف از این تحقیق، بررسی روند تغییرات زمانی و مکانی عرصه رویشگاهی مانگروهای پارک ملی دریایی نایبند و منطقه حفاظت‌شده باهوکلات و همچنین تعیین شدت فعالیت‌های صیادی به‌عنوان تهدیدات انسانی پیش روی این مانگرو است. به‌منظور بررسی روند تغییرات زمانی و مکانی مانگروها در رویشگاه‌های مورد مطالعه، چهار شاخص گیاهی NDVI، SAVI، LAI و RVI محاسبه و تغییرات آنها در بازه سال‌های 1990 تا 2019 بررسی شد. برای تعیین شدت فعالیت‌های صیادی، پس از تهیه نقشه گستره رویشگاه‌های مانگرو، 189 و 391 سلول شبکه با ابعاد 4×4 کیلومتر در سطح آب‌های ناحیه کرانه دربرگیرنده مانگروهای خلیج نایبند و گواتر ترسیم و داده‌های مربوط به موقعیت جغرافیایی و تعداد شناورهای موجود در بنادر صیادی استان بوشهر و سیستان و بلوچستان تهیه شد. نتایج حاصل از این بررسی، افزایش مساحت را در همه مانگروهای مورد مطالعه در حدفاصل سال‌های 1990 تا 2019 نشان داد. این افزایش به‌طور متوسط در خلیج نایبند، رویشگاه بیدخون از 96/32 تا 93/123 هکتار مشاهده شد و همچنین در خلیج گواتر از 76/275 تا 72/396 هکتار بوده است. برداشت از سرشاخه‌ها توسط جامعه محلی، ورود آلودگی‌های صنایع نفت و گاز، گردشگری و ورود زباله‌های تجزیه‌ناپذیر به‌دلیل نزدیکی این رویشگاه به مناطق مسکونی از جمله مهم‌ترین دلایل کاهش مانگروهای این منطقه در بازه 2000 تا 2010 است. در خلیج گواتر نیز آبزی‌پروری به‌عنوان عامل اصلی در تغییر هیدرولوژیک منطقه و کاهش این جنگل‌ها بعد از سال 2015 تاکنون بوده است. افزایش دما و افزایش سطح آب دریا به‌عنوان مهم‌ترین عوامل در افزایش استقرار و عرصه رویشگاهی مانگروهای مورد مطالعه است. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که با توجه به وضعیت فعلی رویشگاه‌های مانگرو، پراکنش جغرافیایی بنادر و تعداد شناور و قایق‌های صیادی موجود در این بنادر، مانگروهای رویشگاه گواتر نسبت به رویشگاه نایبند در معرض شدت فعالیت صیادی بالاتری قرار دارند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| سنجش از دور؛ شاخص‌های گیاهی؛ فعالیت صیادی بنادر؛ پارک ملی دریایی نایبند؛ منطقه حفاظت‌شده باهوکلات | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Spatiotemporal changes of Govater and Nayband mangroves and estimating the intensity of fishing activities on these habitats in the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Bahareh moheimani1؛ Elahe Khodabakhshi Karlaei1؛ Hana Etemadi2؛ Davood Mafi Gholami3؛ Esmaeil Abbasi2 | ||
| 1Master Graduate, Department of Nano and Bioscience and Technology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran | ||
| 2Assistant professor, Department of Environment, Faculty of Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran | ||
| 3Associate professor, Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Mangrove ecosystems have abundant ecosystem services and play a significant role in the coastal ecosystems sustainability. Thus, the aim of this research is to investigate the temporal and spatial trends of mangroves habitat changes in the Nayband marine national park and the Bahu-kalat protected area, as well as determining the intensity of fishing activities as human threats to these mangroves. To examine the temporal and spatial trends of these mangroves, four plant indices, namely NDVI, SAVI, LAI, and RVI, were estimated and to determine the intensity of fishing activities, a map of mangrove habitat extent was drawn, consisting of 189 and 391 grid cells with dimensions of 4x4 kilometers, covering the coastal waters of the Nayband and Govater mangroves. Additionally, data on the geographical location and the number of vessels in the fishing ports of Bushehr and Sistan and Baluchestan provinces were collected. The findings of this investigation demonstrate an expansion in the area of all the studied mangroves from 1990 to 2019. On average, an increase in the Bidekhoon habitat from 32.96 hectares to 123.93 hectares was observed in Nayband Gulf, while in Gwadar Gulf, the area expanded from 275.76 hectares to 396.72 hectares. The reduction of mangroves in this region between 2000 and 2010 can be attributed to various factors, including local community harvesting of mangrove shoots, pollution from oil and gas industries, tourism, and the influx of non-degradable waste due to the proximity of these habitats to residential areas. Similarly, in Gwadar Gulf, the primary factor contributing to changes in hydrology and the subsequent decline of these forests since 2015 has been aquaculture. The most significant factors influencing the growth and establishment of the studied mangrove habitats are increasing temperatures and rising sea levels. Furthermore, the results showed that based on the current status of the studied mangrove habitats, the geographical distribution of fishing ports and the number of fishing vessels present in them, the Govater mangroves are subjected to higher fishing activity intensity compared to the Nayband mangroves. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Remote sensing, Vegetation index, Port fishing activity, Nayband marine national park, Bahu-kalat protected area | ||
| مراجع | ||
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