بررسی اثرات خشکسالی بر کارایی مصرف آب در اقلیم و کاربریهای مختلف (مطالعه موردی: استان تهران) | ||
| خشک بوم | ||
| دوره 13، شماره 2، مهر 1402، صفحه 1-15 اصل مقاله (1.46 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.29252/aridbiom.2024.20742.1965 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| شیما جوادی1؛ ابوالفضل رنجبرفردویی2؛ حسن خسروی* 3؛ هادی اسکندری‌دامنه4 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری رشته مدیریت و کنترل بیابان، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران | ||
| 2استاد گروه بیابان‌زدایی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران | ||
| 3دانشیار گروه احیای مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| 4محقق بخش تحقیقات بیابان، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در این مطالعه به بررسی اثرات خشکسالی بر کارایی مصرف آب (WUE) در اقلیم و کاربریهای مختلف استان تهران پرداخته شد. برای محاسبه کارآیی مصرف آب از محصولات تولید ناخالص اولیه (GPP)، تبخیر و تعرق (ET) حاصل از سنجنده مودیس و شاخص خشکسالی پالمر (PDSI) استفاده شد. سپس روند تغییرات شاخص تولید ناخالص اولیه، تبخیر و تعرق، کارایی مصرف آب و خشکسالی در بازه زمانی ۲۰۲۱ـ۲۰۰۱ با استفاده از رگرسیون خطی و آزمون‌های من-کندال و شیب تخمین‌گر سن محاسبه و به دنبال آن از پاسخ کارایی مصرف آب به خشکسالی در اقلیم و کاربریهای مختلف با استفاده از آنالیز همبستگی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج حاصل از بررسی روند تغییرات شاخص‌های ET، GPP و PDSI با آزمون من-کندال نشان داد که به ترتیب ۱۵/۸۱، ۲۸/۸۶ ،۸۳/۹۹ درصد افزایش و WUE ۲۴/۷۶ درصد کاهش یافته است که این نتایج توسط آزمون شیب تخمین‌گر سن نیز تأیید شد. بررسی رابطه کارایی مصرف آب و خشکسالی در اقلیم و کاربریهای مختلف نشان داد که در اقلیم خشک اراضی کشاورزی و بوته‌زار به ترتیب ۸۶/۹۱ و ۹۳/۷۸ درصد رابطه منفی و کاربری مرتع ۹۶/۵۱ درصد رابطه مثبت داشته است. اراضی‌کشاورزی، مرتع و بوته‌زار مربوط به اقلیم نیمه‌خشک به‌ترتیب ۳۸/۸۵، ۲۲/۶۶، ۲۷/۶۴ درصد افزایشی و در کاربری جنگل ۸۷/۸۴ درصد کاهشی بوده است. در اقلیم نیمه‌مرطوب به‌ترتیب ۴۷/۵۳، ۴۸/۶۰، ۴۱/۷۳ درصد از مساحت مورد مطالعه در کاربری‌های‌کشاورزی، مرتع و بوته‌زار رابطه مثبت و ۳۰/۹۱ درصد از کاربری جنگل رابطه منفی داشته است. در اقلیم مرطوب اثرگذاری منفی خشکسالی در ۰۴/۶۶، ۱۵/۶۱ و ۵۶/۵۰ درصد از اراضی کشاورزی، مرتع و جنگل مشاهده شده است. به‌طور کلی با توجه به نتایج ذکر شده، خشکسالی اثر منفی بر کارآیی مصرف آب در استان تهران داشته است و می‌توان گفت که مقاومت اکوسیستم در برابر خشکسالی توسط همبستگی ما‌‌بین شاخص خشکسالی و کارایی مصرف آب مشخص می‌شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| شاخص خشکسالی؛ سنجنده مودیس؛ تولید ناخالص اولیه؛ تبخیر و تعرق | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Investigating the effects of drought on the water use efficiency in different climates and land uses (Case study: Tehran province) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Shima Javadi1؛ Abolfazl Ranjbar Fordoie2؛ Hasan Khosravi3؛ Hadi Eskandari Damaneh4 | ||
| 1PhD in Desert Region Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, Kashan University, Kashan, Iran | ||
| 2Professor of Combating Desertification, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, Kashan University, Kashan, Iran | ||
| 3Associate Professor of Combating Desertification Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountainous Regions, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
| 4Researcher of Desert Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In this study, drought was investigated on water use efficiency (WUE) in different climates and uses of Tehran province. To calculate the efficiency of water consumption, the products of Gross primary production (GPP), Evapotranspiration (ET) and Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) obtained from the MODIS meter are used. Then the trend of changes in the index of primary gross production, evaporation and transpiration, water consumption efficiency and drought in the period of 2001-2021 using linearity and Mann-Kendall and slope tests, and then the response of water consumption efficiency to drought in different climates and consumptions with Use. It was evaluated from correlation analysis. By dividing annual rainfall into potential evapotranspiration (PET), the Aridity index (AI) was calculated and climate classification was done with the help of this index. The results showed that the indices of evapotranspiration, primary gross production and drought increased by 81.15, 86.86, and 99.99% respectively, and the water consumption efficiency index decreased by 76.24% in this 20-year period. Is. These results were confirmed by the slope test. Examining the relationship between the efficiency of water consumption and drought in different climates and applications showed that in dry climates, agricultural land and bushland had a negative ratio of 91.86 and 78.93, respectively, and pasture consumption had a positive ratio of 51.96. Agricultural lands, pastures and bushland related to semi-arid climate have increased by 85.38, 66.22, and 64.27 percent, respectively, and forest use has decreased by 84.87 percent. In semi-humid climate, respectively, 47.53, 60.48, 73.41% of the study area has a positive relationship in the use of agriculture, pasture and shrub land, and 91.30% of the use of forests has a negative relationship. In the climate, the negative impact of drought has been in 66.04, 61.15 and 50.56 percent of agricultural, pasture and forestry lands. In general, according to the mentioned results, drought has had a negative effect on water consumption in Tehran province, and it can be said that the resistance of the ecosystem against drought is determined by our correlation between drought index and water consumption efficiency. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Drought Index, MODIS, Gross Primary Production, Evapotranspiration | ||
| مراجع | ||
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