اثر کودهای آلی و زیستی بر رشد و عملکرد دو گونه لوبیا (. Phaseolus calcaratus L و Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urban) تحت تنش خشکی | ||
| خشک بوم | ||
| دوره 12، شماره 2، مهر 1401، صفحه 95-110 اصل مقاله (1010.83 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.29252/aridbiom.2023.20344.1943 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مرضیه حسنی1؛ محمودرضا تدین* 2؛ مجید اولیاء3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکترای فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران | ||
| 2استاد گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران | ||
| 3دانشیار گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| کشاورزی ارگانیک یک سیستم کشاورزی تلفیقی مبتنی بر اصول و قوانین طبیعی بوده که در آن، کیفیت محصولات مهمتر از کمیت آنهاست. مطالعه حاضر به منظور بررسی اثر دو نوع کود زیستی و آلی بر رشد و عملکرد دو گونه لوبیا تحت تنش خشکی در مزرعه پژوهشی دانشگاه شهرکرد انجام شد. آزمایش به صورت کرتهای دوبار خرد شده (اسپلیت اسپلیت پلات) در قالب طرح پایه بلوکهای کامل تصادفی و در سه تکرار اجرا گردید. مؤلفههای مورد بررسی شامل 1) تنش خشکی در سه سطح 60، 90 و 120 میلیمتر تبخیر از سطح تشتک کلاس A؛ فاکتور دوم در چهار سطح: کود زیستی EM، کود آلی ویناس، ترکیبی از هر دو، و شاهد؛ و فاکتور سوم: گونه با دو سطح (لوبیا یام مکزیکی، لوبیا قرمز رقم گلی) بود. در این آزمایش صفات ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه فرعی، رطوبت نسبی آب برگ، شاخص پایداری غشای سلولی، تعداد غلاف در بوته، عملکرد بیولوژیک، عملکرد دانه و شاخص برداشت اندازهگیری شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس دادهها نشان داد که اثر فاکتورهای مورد بررسی و برهمکنش آنها (بهغیر از برهمکنش تنش×کود بر صفت تعداد غلاف در بوته و شاخص پایداری غشای سلولی) بر تمامی صفات معنیدار بود. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین تأثیر را تیمار ترکیبی کودی (ویناس+EM) در گیاه لوبیا قرمز و تنش 60 بر روی صفات عملکرد دانه (8834 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، شاخص برداشت (66/64%)، ارتفاع بوته (117 سانتیمتر)، تعداد غلاف در بوته (33/32)، تعداد شاخه فرعی (14) داشت و در همین تیمار کودی و در تیمار شاهد تنش، بیشترین تأثیر بر روی صفت شاخص پایداری غشای سلولی در گیاه لوبیا قرمز (7/57%) و رطوبت نسبی آب برگ (88/91%) و عملکرد بیولوژیک (35710 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در گیاه یام مکزیکی بود. به طور کلی میتوان گفت که این آزمایش نشاندهنده برتری اثر تیمار کودی تلفیقی بر گیاه لوبیا قرمز تحت تنش خشکی نسبت به گیاه یام مکزیکی بود. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| یام مکزیکی؛ لوبیای قرمز؛ کود زیستی EM؛ کود آلی ویناس؛ تنش خشکی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The effect of organic and biological fertilizers on the growth and yield of two bean species ( Phaseolus calcaratus L. and Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urban) under drought stress | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Marzieh Hasani1؛ Mahmoud Reza Tadayon2؛ Majid Olia3 | ||
| 1PhD Student in Crop Physiology, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran | ||
| 2Professor of the Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran | ||
| 3Associate Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Organic agriculture is an integrated farming system, based on natural principles and laws, where the quality of products is more important than their quantity. Therefore, the present study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of two types of biological and organic fertilizers on the growth and yield of two types of beans under drought stress in the research farm of Shahrekord University. The experiment was carried out in the form of split split plots in the form of a completely randomized block design, and in three replications. The investigated factors include 1- drought stress at three levels of 60, 90 and 120 mm of evaporation from the surface of the class A pan and the second factor at four levels: EM biological fertilizer, Vinas organic fertilizer, a combination of both, and control; and the third factor: species of two levels (Mexican yam beans, red beans of the flower variety). In this experiment, the traits of plant height, number of secondary branches, relative humidity of leaf water, cell membrane stability index, number of pods per plant, biological yield, seed yield and harvest index were measured. The results of variance analysis of the data showed that the effect of the studied factors and their interaction (except for the interaction of stress × fertilizer on the number of pods per plant and cell membrane stability index) was significant on all traits. The results showed that the combined fertilizer treatment (vinas + EM) in red bean plant and stress 60 had the greatest effect on the characteristics of seed yield (8834 kg/ha), harvest index (64.66%), plant height (117 cm), the number of pods per plant was (32.33), and the number of sub-branches (14). In the same fertilizer treatment and in the control stress treatment, the greatest effect was on the trait of cell membrane stability index in red bean plant (57.7%) and relative humidity. Leaf water (91.88%) and biological yield (35710 kg/ha) were in Mexican yam plant. Generaly, it can be said that this experiment showed the superiority of combined fertilizer treatment on red bean plant under drought stress compared to Mexican yam plant. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Mexican yam, Red bean, EM biofertilizer, Vinas organic fertilizer, Drought stress | ||
| مراجع | ||
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