بررسی تأثیر سناریوهای آبخیزداری بر دبی و رسوب با استفاده از مدل SWAT در مناطق خشک و نیمهخشک | ||
| خشک بوم | ||
| دوره 12، شماره 2، مهر 1401، صفحه 1-11 اصل مقاله (886.08 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.29252/aridbiom.2023.20269.1937 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| احسان حامدی1؛ جواد چزگی* 2؛ حمزه نور3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار، گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران | ||
| 3استادیار، بخش حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سیل و فرسایش خاک از مهمترین مشکلات حوزهای آبخیز کشور است که باعث هدر رفت خاک، کاهش حاصلخیزی خاک، کاهش پوشش گیاهی، افزایش رواناب و سیلابهای شدید میگردد. عملیاتهای آبخیزداری شامل عملیات بیولوژیکی و میکانیکی میشوند که باعث حفاظت آب و خاک میشود، ولی برای اینکه مشخص شود در یک منطقه کدام روش و چه تعداد سازه تأثیرگذارتر است، نیاز به بررسی دارد. در این تحقیق برای بررسی تأثیر طرحهای آبخیزداری بر فرسایش و رسوب در حوزه آبخیز رودخانه سرباز استان سیستان و بلوچستان از مدل هیدرولوژیکی SWAT و سناریوسازی ساخت سازههای آبخیزداری در آبراههها استفاده شد. پس از آمادهسازی مؤلفهها و دادههای ورودی، مدل برای یک دوره 17 ساله (1999تا 2016) واسنجیشد. سپس طی یک دوره پنج ساله (2017 تا 2021) صحت سنجی گردید. نتایج آنالیز حساسیت نشان داده پارامترهای آلفا در جریان برگشتی و شماره منحنی اولیه برای شرایط رطوبتی متوسط در روش SCS بیشترین تاثیر را در واسنجی و صحتسنجی شبیهسازی داشتهاند. نتایج بدست آمده از واسنجی رواناب با ضریب نش-ساتکیف 76/0 و ضریب تبیین 86/0 و برای رسوب به ترتیب 53/0 و 58/0 بدست آمد. نتایج سناریو تأثیر سازههای آبخیزداری نشاندهنده کنترل نزدیک 15 درصد رسوب و تأییدکننده آن است که اقدامات آبخیزداری قادرند رواناب، فرسایش خاک و انتقال رسوب در منطقه را کاهش داده و کنترل نمایند. در این میان توجه به مسائل مالی طرح را باید در انتخاب سناریوهای آبخیزداری نیز در نظر داشت. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| شبیهسازی؛ فرسایش؛ رسوب؛ سناریوسازی؛ شهرستان سرباز | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The effect of watershed management scenarios on discharge and sedimentation with SWAT model in arid and semi-arid regions | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Ehsan Hamedi1؛ Javad Chezgi2؛ Hamzeh Noor3 | ||
| 1MSc. student, Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Birjand, Birjand. Iran | ||
| 2Assistant Professor, Rangeland and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Birjand, Birjand. Iran | ||
| 3Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Conservation and Watershed Management, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural Research and Training Center, Agricultural Research, Training and Promotion Organization, Mashhad, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Flooding and soil erosion are a significant issue in the watershed areas of Iran. The result of this is soil lost, soil fertility decreases, vegetation decreases, run-off increases, and severe floods. There are various watershed operations, including biological and mechanical, which protect water and soil, however, it is necessary to investigate which method and how many structures should be used in an area to be more effective. In this research, SWAT hydrological model and scenario building of watershed structures in waterways were used to investigate the impact of watershed management projects on erosion and sedimentation in Sarbaz River watershed, Sistan and Baluchistan province. After preparing the input parameters, the model was recalibrated for a 17-year period (1999-2016) and then validated over a five-year period (2017-2021). The results of the sensitivity analysis showed that the alpha parameters in the return flow and the initial curve number for medium humidity conditions in the SCS method had the greatest effect on the calibration and validation of the simulation. The results obtained from runoff calibration were 0.76 Nash- Sutcliffe coefficient and 0.86 explanation coefficient, and 0.53 and 0.58 respectively for sediment. The scenario's results have regulated the impact of watershed structures on nearly 15% of the sediment. Watershed measures are capable of reducing and controlling runoff, soil erosion, and sediment transfer in the region, as demonstrated by these results. In the meantime, attention should also be given to the financial issues of the plan when selecting watershed scenarios. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Simulation, Erosion, Sedimentation, Scenario, Discharge, Sarbaz city | ||
| مراجع | ||
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