تأثیر تغییر کاربری اراضی بر فرسایش خاک با استفاده از GIS و سنجش از دور بر مبنای مدل RUSLE (مطالعه موردی: شهرستان بهبهان) | ||
| خشک بوم | ||
| دوره 12، شماره 1، اردیبهشت 1401، صفحه 77-92 اصل مقاله (1.55 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.29252/aridbiom.2023.19670.1924 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| زینب طاهری‌بابادی1؛ بهزاد متشفع* 2؛ سیدحسین روشان3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشگاه صنعتی خاتم‌الانبیاء بهبهان، بهبهان، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشگاه صنعتی خاتم‌الانبیاء بهبهان، بهبهان، ایران | ||
| 3دانش‌آموخته دکتری علوم و مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| فرسایش خاک یک خطر طبیعی و جهانی است که بطور جدی منابع آب و خاک را تهدید می‌کند. یکی از مهم‌ترین عوامل مؤثر در تشدید فرسایش خاک، تغییرات کاربری اراضی ناشی از فعالیت‌های بشری است. در این مطالعه تأثیر تغییر کاربری اراضی در فرسایش خاک شهرستان بهبهان با استفاده از مدل معادله جهانی اصلاح شده فرسایش خاک (RUSLE) در محیط سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. برای استخراج نقشه نهایی فرسایش خاک، ابتدا عامل‌های مدل RUSLE شامل R، K، L، S، C و P برای دو سال 2000 و 2021 میلادی تهیه شد، سپس این مؤلفه‌ها به صورت نقشه‌هایی به فرمت GRID تبدیل و با حاصلضرب همة این مؤلفه‌ها در سطح پیکسل، میزان فرسایش خاک در سطح منطقه بدست آمد. نتایج نقشه فرسایش در دو سال 2000 و 2021 نشان داد که میزان فرسایش خاک با گذر زمان بیشتر شده است. در سال 2021 بیشترین مقدار فرسایش با استفاده از پیش‌بینی مدل RUSLE، منحصر به آبراهه‌ها و رودخانه‌هاست هرچند که فرسایش در کل منطقه به اشکال مختلف وجود دارد. همچنین بیشترین مساحت منطقه در طبقه خطر فرسایش کم قرار دارد که بایستی این مسأله را در برنامه‌ریزی‌ها مدنظر داشت. در بین عامل‌های مؤثر در فرسایش، عامل فرسایندگی باران در بخش‌های شمالی منطقه بالادست زیاد بوده است. نقشه‌های کاربری اراضی نیز نشان از کاهش پوشش گیاهی سطح زمین می‌دهد که باعث تغییر در میزان مؤلفه‌های مؤثر در مدل شده و میزان فرسایش در منطقه را تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهد. مساحت پوشش گیاهی در بین سال‌های 2000 تا 2021 کاهش یافته است و به مساحت مناطق مسکونی و اراضی زراعی افزوده شده است. نتیجه این تغییرات موجب کاهش پوشش طبیعی سطح خاک شده و در نتیجه شرایط برای وقوع فرسایش خاک ناشی از برخورد قطرات باران افزایش یافته است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| فرسایندگی باران؛ هدر رفت خاک؛ پوشش زمین؛ بهبهان | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Assessment The Impact of Land use Changes on Soil Erosion using GIS and Remote Sensing Based on The RUSLE Model (Case Study: Behbahan County) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Zaynab Taheri Babadi1؛ Behzad Moteshaffeh2؛ Seyed Hussein Roshaan3 | ||
| 1M.Sc. of Watershed Engineering, Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Khatam Al-Anbia University of Technology Behbahan, Behbahan, Iran | ||
| 2Assistant Professor, Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran | ||
| 3Ph.D., Watershed Management Science and Engineering, Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Soil erosion is a natural and global threat to water and soil resources. One of the most important effective factors in increasing soil erosion is changes in land use due to human activities. In this study, the impact of land use change on soil erosion in the town of Behbahan was studied using the RUSLE model in the Geographic Information System (GIS). In order to extract the final soil erosion map, the parameters of the RUSLE model consisting of R, K, L, S, C and P were first prepared for the years 2000 and 2021. These parameters were then converted into GRID format and the soil erosion map was obtained at the pixel level in the area by several of the parameters. Results from the erosion map in 2000 and 2021 indicated that the extent of soil erosion has increased over time. In 2021, the highest amount of erosion using the RUSLE model prediction is more exclusive to streams and rivers, although there is erosion across the region in different forms. The largest area in the region is classified as low erosion risk, which should be considered in planning. Among the effective erosion factors, the rain-induced erosion factor was high in the northern parts of the upstream region. Land use maps also show reduced vegetation at the soil surface. It causes a change in the number of efficient parameters in the model and thereby affects the amount of erosion in the region. Vegetation cover decreased from 2000 to 2021. The area of residential and agricultural land has increased, resulting in a reduction in natural land surface cover, and as a consequence, soil erosion conditions due to the impact of raindrops are increasing. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Rain erosivity, Soil losses, Land cover, Behbahan | ||
| مراجع | ||
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