ارزیابی روشهای نوین و سنتی استحکامبخشی سازه‌های آجری غیرمسلح از دیدگاه متخصصین حوزه مرمت | ||
| معماری اقلیم گرم و خشک | ||
| مقاله 13، دوره 10، شماره 16، اسفند 1401، صفحه 199-214 اصل مقاله (912.38 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/ahdc.2023.19129.1691 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| هلیا ولی1؛ فاطمه مهدیزاده سراج* 2؛ سجاد موذن3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مرمت، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2استاد گروه مرمت، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران | ||
| 3استادیار گروه مرمت، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| معماری یکی از شاخه‌های هنر و تمدن است که از دیرباز با مصالح و فنون متفاوت ساخت، مورد توجه انسانها بوده است. از آنجا که بناهای تاریخی طی سالیان متمادی دچار آسیب گشته‌اند، نیازمند استحکامبخشی با روشهایی مناسب‌اند. لذا از دیرباز تا کنون از شیوههای مختلفی جهت پایداری این بناها استفاده شده است.آنچه امروزه اهمیت دارد عدم ایجاد محدودیت برای مداخلات آینده و کمترین میزان صدمه به بنا در هنگام مرمت است. درهمین خصوص هدف این پژوهش تحلیل روشهای مقاومسازی بناهای آجری مبتنی بر منشورهای بین‌المللی می‌باشد. اینکه کدامیک از این روش‌ها جهت مرمت بناهای آجری غیرمسلح مناسبتر بوده و کدام تکنیک با مصالح بنایی سازگارترند از جمله پرسش‌های این پژوهش است. این مقاله مبتنی بر روش پیمایشی – توصیفی درکنار تحلیل آماری توسط نرم‌افزار SPSS بوده و شیوه گردآوری اطلاعات کتابخانه‌ای است. در همین راستا ابتدا پرسشنامه‌ای متشکل از روشهای سنتی و رایج استحکامبخشی شامل بهره‌گیری از شمع‌های چوبی، احداث پشت‌بند، استفاده از میکروپایلها، اجرای روش گونیت و شاتکریت با تکنیک‌های نوین امروزی همچون بهره‌گیری از انواع ژئوسنتتیک‌ها، کامپوزیت‌ها و مش‌های پلیمری با ملات‌های گوناگون تهیه گردید؛ سپس با هدف تعیین میزان تطابق هر روش با معیارهایی از جمله میزان نیاز به نیروی متخصص، درجه هماهنگی در رنگ و بافت، برگشت‌پذیری و حداقل میزان مداخله در اختیار متخصصین حوزه مرمت قرار گرفت. در نهایت یافته‌های پژوهش نشان داد که شیوههای سنتی همچون اجرای پشت‌بند و شمع‌های چوبی بدلیل هماهنگی در جنس مصالح از سنخیت بیشتری با سازه‌های بنایی برخوردار بوده و به دلیل بازگشت‌پذیری بالا و کمترین میزان آسیب به بنا اولویت بالاتری نسبت به روشهایی همچون گونیت، شاتکریت و استفاده از میکروپایلها دارند. از طرفی، شیوههای سنتی توانایی تضمین پایداری بنا در گذر زمان را نداشته و از این جهت شیوههای مدرن همچون ژئوگریدها و استفاده از انواع مش و ملات‌ها می‌توانند جایگزینی مناسب برای این روش‌ها باشند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| شیوههای سنتی؛ شیوههای نوین؛ استحکامبخشی؛ بناهای آجری غیرمسلح؛ نرم‌افزار SPSS | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Evaluation of modern and traditional methods of strengthening non-reinforced brick structures from the point of view of experts in the field of restoration | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| helia vali1؛ Fatemeh Mehdizadeh Saradj2؛ sajad moazen3 | ||
| 1Master's student, School of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 2Professor, School of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 3Assistant Professor, School of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Architecture is one of the branches of art and civilization, which has long been the focus of people in different eras. Since historical buildings have been damaged for many years, they need to be consolidated with appropriate methods. So, various methods have been used for the stability of these buildings since long ago. But nowadays minimizing the amount of damage to the building during the restoration of the historical building is crucial. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to analyze the methods of strengthening brick buildings based on international charters and conventional methods of strengthening in the world. So, this research was done in order to answer questions such as "which of these methods is more suitable for the restoration of unreinforced brick buildings? " and "which technique is more compatible with the materials of masonry structures? ". This article is based on survey-descriptive method along with statistical analysis by SPSS software. Also, this study uses library sources to gather data to investigate new and old consolidation methods. In this regard, first, a questionnaire consisting of traditional and common strengthening methods, including the use of wooden piles, the use of micropiles, the implementation of gunite and shotcrete methods with today's modern techniques, as well as using all kinds of geosynthetics, composites and polymer meshes were prepared with different mortars; Then, with the aim of determining the degree of compliance of each method with criteria such as the level of need for expert staff, the degree of coordination in color and texture, reversibility and the minimum amount of intervention, it was provided to experts in the field of restoration. Finally, the findings of the research showed that the traditional methods, such as the implementation of backbands and wooden piles, are more compatible with masonry structures due to the harmony of the materials and often due to the high reversibility. Moreover, traditional methods are not able to guarantee the stability of the building over time, so, modern methods such as geogrids and the use of modern mesh mortars can be a suitable replacement for these methods. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Traditional methods, Modern methods, Consolidation, Un-reinforcement brick structures, Spss software | ||
| مراجع | ||
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