بررسی عوامل ساختاری و انگیزههای موثر در ایجاد آتشسوزیهای جنگلها و مراتع در بومسازگان نیمه خشک زاگرس | ||
| خشک بوم | ||
| دوره 11، شماره 2، اسفند 1400، صفحه 15-27 اصل مقاله (949.73 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.29252/aridbiom.2022.18321.1888 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محسن جوانمیری پور* 1؛ جبار ولی پور2؛ علی حسن زاده3 | ||
| 1دکترای علوم جنگل و کارشناس جنگل، سازمان منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری کشور، کرمانشاه، ایران | ||
| 2دانشجوی دکترای حشرهشناسی، سازمان منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری کشور، تهران، ایران | ||
| 3دکترای اقلیم شناسی، سازمان منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری کشور، کرمانشاه، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| آتشسوزی بخش جداییناپذیر از بسیاری از بیومهای زمینی و یکی از عوامل اصلی آسیب در طبیعت است. هدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسی عوامل و دلایل ایجاد آتشسوزیها در دو سال متوالی در بخش میانی ناحیه رویشی زاگرس است. بهمنظور انجام این تحقیق دادههای کلیه رویدادهای آتشسوزی در عرصههای طبیعی شهرستان گیلانغرب از اواخر اردیبهشت تا اوایل آذر در سالهای 1398 و 1399 ثبت گردید. دادهها شامل نام منطقه، نوع عرصه دچار حریق شده (جنگل، مرتع غیرمشجر، مرتع مشجر و جنگل مرتع آمیخته)، علت، تاریخ، ساعت آغاز و ساعت پایان (مدت)، مساحت عرصه دچار آتشسوزی شده و موقعیت منطقه به صورت UTM بودند. نتایج نشان داد از نظر فراوانی آتشسوزی، میزان حریق در جنگل 11درصد، در مراتع غیرمشجر 8/47 درصد، مراتع مشجر 5/26 درصد و جنگل و مرتع آمیخته 7/14 درصد در سال 98 و در سال 99 میزان حریق در جنگل 50 درصد، در مراتع غیرمشجر 38 درصد، مراتع مشجر 2 درصد و جنگل و مرتع آمیخته 10 درصد بوده است. کمترین و بیشترین میزان سطح سوخته در سال 1398بهترتیب مربوط به جنگل (4/9 درصد) و مرتع غیرمشجر (53 درصد) بود. همچنین، کمترین و بیشترین مقدار مساحت سوخته در سال 1399 بهترتیب مربوط به جنگل (7 درصد) و جنگل و مرتع آمیخته (6/42 درصد) بود. با توجه به شواهد موجود، به ترتیب 72% و 50% از علل آتشسوزی در سالهای 1398 و 1399 تفرج و اختلاف و نزاع بوده است. مدت زمان کمتر از یک ساعت برای اطفای آتشسوزیها دارای بیشترین فراوانی میباشد که مقدار آن در سالهای 1398 و 1399 به ترتیب حدود 36% و 14% میباشد. در بین مناطق مشترک دچار آتشسوزی شده در هر دو سال منطقه چله به ترتیب با داشتن 12 و 11 مورد بیشترین فراوانی آتشسوزی را دارا بود. همچنین، بین عوامل مقایسه شده در سالهای مطالعه، عوامل انسانی آتشسوزی، تحت تاثیر شرایط مختلف در سالهای 1398 و 1399 دارای اختلاف معنیدار با همدیگر بودند. بنابراین به منظور کاهش تعداد آتشسوزیها و خسارات ناشی از آن لازم است دلایل و انگیزههای عوامل ایجاد حریق برای کاهش و تا حد امکان جلوگیری از احتمال وقوع حریق مورد نظر قرار داده شود. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| عوامل آتشسوزی؛ زمان آتشسوزی؛ سطح آتشسوزی؛ تعارض؛ جنگل؛ مراتع؛ گیلانغرب | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Study of structural factors and effective motives in causing forest and pasture fires in semi-arid ecosystems of the Zagros mountain | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mohsen Javanmiri pour1؛ Jabbar Valipour2؛ Ali Hasanzadeh3 | ||
| 1Ph.D. in Forest Science and Forest Expert; Natural Resource, and Watershed Management Organization, Kermanshah, Iran | ||
| 2Ph.D. student in Entomology; Natural Resource, and Watershed Management Organization, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 3Ph.D. in Climatology; Natural Resource and Watershed Management Organization, Kermanshah, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Fire is an integral part of many terrestrial biomes and one of the main causes of destruction in nature. This study investigates the cause and characteristics of wildfires in the middle Zagros ecosystem for two consecutive years. There have been recorded to conduct this research, whole fire events that occurred in the natural areas of Gilan-e Gharb in 2019 and 2020 during the fire season from late May to early December. The gathered data in this study include the region name, type of affected area by the fire (forest, non-wooden rangeland, wooden rangeland, and mixed forest-rangeland), the cause of the fire, date, duration, area, and its location. The results showed that the fire rate includes 11% in the forest, 47.8% in non-wooden pastures, 26.5% in wooden pastures, and 14.7% in mixed forests and pastures in 2019. The fire frequency was 50% in the forest, 38% in non-wooden pastures, 2% in wooden pastures, and 10% in mixed forest and pasture in 2020. The lowest and highest amount of burnt area in 2019 contains the forest (9.4%) and non-wooden pasture (53%), respectively. Furthermore, the lowest and highest portion of burned area in 2020 includes forest (7%) and mixed forest and pasture (42.6%). According to the available evidence, nearly 72% and 50% of the human causes of fire in 2019 and 2020, respectively. There are recreational factors, disputes, and conflicts. Duration of less than one hour for extinguishing fires has the highest frequency, the amount of which is about 36% and 14% in 2019 and 2020, respectively. The highest frequency with 12 and 11 events includes the Cheleh in 2019 and 2020, respectively, among the common burned areas. In addition, among the factors compared in the study years, human factors of fire under the influence of different conditions have significant differences from each other (p=0.05). Therefore, it is essential to consider the structural causes and motivations of fire-causing factors that affect fire to reduce and avoid fire as much as possible. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Causes of fire, time of the fire, area of the fire, conflict, forest, rangelands, Gilan-e Gharb | ||
| مراجع | ||
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