بازشناسیِ سیر تحولات فضایی-کالبدی در شبستان قِبلی مسجد جامع نایین؛ (بازخوانی تحلیلیِ آسمانۀ محراب بر طبق اسناد نویافتۀ مرمتی) | ||
| معماری اقلیم گرم و خشک | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 10، شماره 16، اسفند 1401، صفحه 66-89 اصل مقاله (2.32 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/ahdc.2022.17746.1625 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| مهدی سلطانی محمدی* | ||
| دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکده حفاظت و مرمت، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| مسجد جامع نایین به عنوان یکی از مساجد شبستانی قرون اولیه به همراه مسجدجامع فهرج، تاریخانه دامغان و جامع اولیه اصفهان همواره توسط محققان در حوزۀ بررسی تاریخ معماری این سرزمین، مطرح شده است. این مسجد یکی از آثار فاخر و با ارزش معماری اسلامی ایران بوده و در طول حیات خود، تغییرات گسترده‌ای را تجربه کرده است. بر خلاف تزیینات گچبری مسجد که همواره مورد توجه محققان این حوزه بوده است، سازه‌های تاقی و سیر تحولات فضایی –کالبدی این مسجد موضوع کمتر تحقیقی به شمار می‌رود. هدف تحقیق حاضر پس شناخت آسمانۀ محراب(سازه و معماری)، مطالعه و تحلیل سیر تحولات فضایی –کالبدی به وقوع پیوسته در شبستان قبلی وتأثیر این تحولات بر کلیت مسجد جامع نایین است. روش تحقیق استفاده شده، اسنادی و تفسیری-تاریخی است. همچنین ضمن انجام مصاحبه‌های عمیق تلاش می-شود اطلاعات پایه به دوطریق اسنادی و مشاهده عینی تحلیل گردد. شایان ذکر است برخی اسناد استفاده شده در این تحقیق برای اولین بار منتشر می‌گردند. نتایج تحقیق حاکی از آن است که آسمانۀ محراب در شبستان قبلی در گونۀ پوششهای پتکانه قرار می‌گیرد. در قرن هشتم هجری نطام ارتفاعی این شبستان دچار تغییر شده و با ساخت کمرپوشهای شرقی و غربی، تاقهای آن افزایش ارتفاع پیدا می‌کند. از آن زمان تاکنون بر اثر این دگردیسی کالبدیِ شبستان، کارکرد جلوۀ بصری آسمانۀ محراب در جهت تقویت امتداد قبله، کمرنگ گشته و به آن خدشه وارد شده است. دستاودرهای تحقیق تا حد بسیاری ابهامات موجود در زمینه لایه‌های تاریخی این مسجد را، بخش‌هایی که تاکنون نادیده انگاشته شده-اند، کاسته است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| مسجد جامع نایین؛ تحولات معماری؛ شبستان قِبلی؛ آسمانۀ فضای محراب؛ پتکانه | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Recognition of the Process of Physical-Spatial Changes in the Ancient Shabestan of Jameh Mosque of Naein (analytical re-reading of the ceiling of the altar according to the new restoration | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| mehdi soltani mohamdi | ||
| azad naein | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Jameh Mosque of Naein as one of the Shabestani mosques of the early centuries along with Jameh Mosque of Fahraj, Tarikhaneh Temple (Mosque) of Damghan and Early Jameh Mosque of Isfahan have always been mentioned by researchers in the field of architectural history of this country. This mosque is one of the magnificent and valuable buildings of Islamic architecture in Iran and has experienced extensive changes during its lifetime; and what is now provided to the observers of this building is different from what its original architects intended. The ancient nave of this mosque is one of the parts of this mosque that has experienced the most physical-spatial changes. Unlike the plastering decoration of the mosque, which has always been the focus of researchers in this field, the roof structures and the process of physical-spatial changes in this mosque are less considered. The objective of the present study was to recognize the altar (structure and architecture), study and analyze the process of physical-spatial changes in the ancient Shabestan and the effects of these changes on Jameh Mosque of Naein. The research method used is documentary and interpretive-historical. Also, while conducting in-depth interviews, it was attempted to analyze the data through documentation and objective observation. It should be noted that some documents used in this study have been published for the first time. The study results showed that the ceiling of the altar in the ancient Shabestan is of corbel type. In the 8th century AH, the height of this Shabestan changed and with the construction of the eastern and western counter ceilings, the height of its arches increased. Since then, as a result of this physical change in the Shabestan, the function of the visual effect of the altar to locate the direction of the Qibla has become weaker and damaged. The study results reduced the uncertainty in the field of the historical layers of this mosque, the parts that have been neglected so far. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Jameh Mosque of Naein, Physical-Spatial Changes, Ancient | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
- Alistakhri, Abu Ishaq Ibrahim (1968). Masalik o Mamalik. By Iraj Afshar. Tehran: Translation firm and book publishing. (In Persian) -Ayatollahzadeh Shirazi, Bagher. (1980). Early jame mosques of Isfahan region: Ardestan. Jame Mosque located in the center of Mahal District of Ardestan. Athar Journal. 1, 51-6. (In Persian) -Ayatollah Zahed Shirazi. At Arthur Upham Pope and Phillips Ackerman, A New Survey of Persian Art, edited by Sirous Parham. Tehran: Scientific and Cultural. (In Persian) - Ching, Francis D. K. (2009) Architecture: Form, Space and Order. Translated by: Zohreh -Diez E. (1918). Churasanische Baudenkmaler.Brrlin:Dierich Reimer. - Emami Naeini, Hossein. (Undated). Rijal and celebrities of Nain. (In Persian). - Etemad al-Saltanah, Muhammad Hasan b. 'Ali (1988). Mera’at-al-Baldan. C4. Tehran: University of Tehran. (In Persian) - Farahmand Boroujeni. (2012). Typology of Ghoba Ghaffarieh decorations based on comparative model. Islamic Art Studies. 16. 89-100. (In Persian) - Fereshtehnejad, Seyed Morteza (2010). Architectural Culture and Architectural Restoration. Isfahan: Pillars of Knowledge. (In Persian) - Flari, S., (1969). Nain Mosque translation of Claude Abbasi, Journal of Athar, 22 and 23. (In Persian) - Finster, Barbara (2010). Early Mosques of Iran from the beginning to the Seljuk era. Translation of Faramarz Najd Sami'i, Tehran: Pazineh. (In Persian) - Ghouchani, Abdullah (1996). A Study of Historical Inscriptions of Natanz and Nain Jame Mosque, Journal of Athar, No. 26 & 27. (In Persian) - Godard, Andre and others. (2008). Works of Iran. Translated by Abolhassan Sarv Moqadam, C3, Mashhad: Islamic Research Foundation. (In Persian) -Godad Andre. (1934) LE TARIKHANA DE DAMGHAN. In Gazette Des Beaux Arts.225-235. - Haji Ghasemi, Kambir. (2004). Ganjnameh, C. 6: Comprehensive Mosques. Tehran: Shahid Beheshti University. (In Persian) - Homay, Jalal Uddin(2016). The history of Isfahan, The volume of events and rulers of Isfahan. Tehran Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies. First edition. (In Persian) - Ibn Hawqal. Muhammad Ibn Hawqal (1966). Sourat al-Arz, translated by Ja'far Shoar. Tehran: Iranian Culture Foundation. (In Persian) -Karimi, Khaterh (Undated). Report on repairs of Nain monuments from 1975 to 2005.Document Center of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Office of Isfahan Province. (In Persian) Kourosh Mahmoodi and Reza Basiri Mojdehi. 2nd Publication, 4th edition. Tehran: Shahrab. (In Persian) - Memarian, Gholamhossein. (2012). Iranian Architecture Style, 1 & 2. Tehran: Naghmeh No-Andish. (In Persian) - Moqaddasi, Abu Abdullah Muhammad b. Ahmad (1982). Ahsan al-Taghasim fi Marefat al-Aghalim. Tehran: Co-authors and translators. (In Persian) - Moshtaghi Naeini, Ali b. Muhammad (1987). Kavir Travelogue Report of Safa al-Saltanah (Tohfat al-Foghara) with the efforts of Mohammad Golbon, Tehran: Information. (In Persian) - Nemati Babaylu, Ali, and Isra'a Salehi (2011). Comparative study of gypsum motifs of Nain Jame Mosque and Noh Gonbad Mosque of Balkh in terms of role and composition, Mah-e Honar Book, No. 162:96-104. (In Persian) - Nikzad, ? (1958). Nain Jame Mosque. Isfahan Journal of Culture.20, 27-30(In Persian). - Pirnia, Mohammad Karim(1987). Iranian architectural mosques by Yousef Kiani. Tehran: Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research. (In Persian) - Pirnia, Mohammad Karim(1991). Dome in Iranian architecture. Journal of Athar.20. 1-156. (In Persian) - Pirnia, Mohammad Karim(1994). Arches and Vaults. Journal of Athar .24. 1-221. (In Persian) - Pope, Arthur Upham. (2009). Iranian Architecture. Translation of Gholam Hossein Sadri Afshar. Tehran: Akhtaran. (In Persian) - Rafiee Sershki, Bijan (2004) Mehrazi Culture, Architecture, Iran. Tehran: Ministry of Roads and Housing and Urban Development. (In Persian) - Safaipour, Hadi, and Memarian Gholamhossein, and Bemanian Mohammad Reza (2014). Understanding the Nature of Petkaneh Coating through Analyzing the First Examples in Iranian Architecture, Bi-Quarterly Journal of Iranian Architectural Studies. 5. 19-5. (In Persian) - Schroeder, Eric (2008). "Monumental Works from the First Period" translated by Bagher (In Persian) - Taer Naeini, Hassan Ali (1978). By Mahmoud Tayyar Maraghi. In The Rasoul Ja’farian, Islamic Heritage of Iran, c. 3. Qom: Publications of Ayatollah Marashi Najafi Library, p. 435-492. (In Persian) - Unpublished interview with Master Gholamreza Farzani (Shahrvir 2017). (In Persian) -Viollet Henry and S.Fury.(1921).UN MONUMENT DES PREMIERS SIECLES PERSE. In Syria. 226-316. - Yaghut Hamawi, Yaghut b. 'Abd Allah (Undated). Mu'ajim al-Bladan. Beirut: Dar Sader. (In Persian) - Yousefvand, Yousef and Miri Farshad (2016) Comparative study of gypsum paintings from the historical city of Dara Shahr with examples of Nain Jame Mosque, in Negre quarterly, no. 39.35-45. (In Persian)
| ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 441 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 577 |
||