ارزیابی کارایی روش مالچ سنگی در مقابله با فرسایش بادی (مطالعه موردی: دشت سگزی و دشت فساران اصفهان) | ||
| کاوش های جغرافیایی مناطق بیابانی | ||
| دوره 9، شماره 2، آبان 1400، صفحه 113-135 اصل مقاله (982.79 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| شیلا حجه فروش نیا* 1؛ محمد خسروشاهی2؛ مسعود برهانی3 | ||
| 1هیات علمی و استادیار، ژئومورفولوژی، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2هیات علمی و دانشیار، بیابان، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 3هیات علمی و استادیار، مرتعداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اصفهان، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| انجام عملیات بیولوژیک مقابله با فرسایش بادی بدلیل وجود بادهای با سرعت بالا در اراضی لخت بیابانی و ماسه زارها همواره با مشکلاتی مواجه است، پیش شرط لازم برای متوقف کردن آنها ایجاد موانع بر سر راه حرکت خاک و ماسه های روان است. در این مقاله بر اساس نقشه کانون بحران فرسایش بادی استان اصفهان منطقه برداشت مشخص و ضمن تعیین آستانه فرسایش بادی در عرصه های کاری، تعیین پارامتر از جمله جهت باد غالب، خصوصیات فیزیکی شیمیایی خاک وضعیت پوشش منطقه، عملیات پاشش مالچ انجام گرفت. دو آزمایش جداگانه با استفاده از سنگریزه های طبیعی بادامی با تراکم 75 درصد در دشت فساران و سربارههای شرکت فولاد مبارکه با سایز بادامی با تراکم 25 و 50 درصد در مقایسه با شاهد به عنوان مالچ استفاده شدند. طرح آزمایشی مورد استفاده فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار بود. فاکتور A تراکم مالچ و سطوح فاکتور B تله های رسوب گیر (سینی و چند وجهی) بودند. میزان تثبیت کنندگی و قدرت مقاومت مالچ های فوق در مقابل بادهای منطقه، از روی شاخصهای چوبی یک متری و نصب تلههای رسوبگیر بررسی شد. مقایسه میانگین دادهها در دشت سگزی نشان داد که سطح پوشش 50 درصد نسبت به سطح پوشش 25 درصد از لحاظ آماری برتری معنیداری داشت. در دشت فساران نیز اختلاف معنی داری بین سطح پوشش 75 درصد با شاهد مشاهده شد. لذا انتخاب پوشش 50 درصد سرباره علاوه بر کارایی مناسب و تامین هدف مورد نظر، از نظر امکان رشد گونههای گیاهی مناسبتر می باشد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| گرد و غبار؛ فرسایش بادی؛ مالچ سنگی؛ تله رسوبگیر؛ دشت سگزی و فساران | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Evaluation of the efficiency of rock mulching method against wind erosion (Case study: Segzi plain and Fasaran plain of Isfahan) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| shila hajehforosh1؛ Mohammad khosroshahi2؛ massod borhani3 | ||
| 1Assistant professor Research institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Desert Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
| 3Assistant professor, Research Division of Natural Resources, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center (AREEO), Isfahan, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction: Sandstorms are natural events that occur in arid and semi-arid regions of the world, especially in subtropical latitudes. The vastness of deserts around the world indicates that these areas have been important sources of dust storms throughout history, but in recent years, human activities have also created another source on the edge of deserts in semi-arid regions. These have been stable. The use of pebble mulch, which is a clear example of inspiration from nature in the field of paving (Hamada). In addition to gravel, one of the materials that can be effective in this way is steel slag, which seems to be usable as a coating to keep particles sensitive to erosion of sandy areas. It also seems to have the ability to create a suitable substrate for the establishment of tropical or native vegetation. In addition, slag seems to have the ability to treat eroded particles and can play an important role in the treatment of Aeolian sediments. Knowledge of the amount and type of particles treated by mulch enhances our overall understanding of its impact on controlling wind erosion and the impact of sediments on soil formation and production in covered lands. Research Methods In this study, while determining the threshold of wind erosion in work areas by non-oil sandblasting and mulching in desert areas studied in an area of 1 to 2 hectares (depending on the specific conditions of the region, facilities, natural features and other characteristics of the region) as A research pilot was used to compare their performance in terms of soil containment and stabilization, as well as the costs incurred for each method, and to introduce them to the executive departments of the country for each region according to the specific characteristics of that region. Method Two separate factorial experiments in a randomized complete block design with three replications using natural almond pebbles with a density of 75% in Fesaran plain and Mobarakeh Steel Company almonds with a density of 25 and 50% density compared to the control as mulch Were used. The site of the first experiment was Site 1 with an area of about one hectare located in the desertification station of Segzi plain (Figure 1). Factor A was the uniform condition of the area with uniform mulch spraying treatment with a density of 25%, 50% and control. Factor B were two types of sediment traps (tray and polygonal). The plots had dimensions of 20-30 square meters. The shape of the plots was chosen so that the length of the plots was in the direction of the prevailing erosive wind. The distance between the two plots was considered 30 meters so that the effect of mulching on the other plot would not be left. The location of the second experiment was in the Fesaran area. In this experiment, factorial in the form of a randomized block design was used. Factor A mulching with 75% density of pebbles and control and factor B were two types of sediment traps (tray and polygonal). Discussion The results of this study showed that mulch reduces the level of wind contact with the soil and increases the roughness and therefore can control wind erosion. Mulch 0 performs two important actions in controlling wind erosion, first it can relieve soil from stress it protects against wind and wind erosion, and the latter can trap wind-blown particles. Segzi and Fesaran plains of Isfahan have erodible sediments and also the movement of wind sand particles. These sediments have a wind erosion threshold of 4.6 meters per second, which is very prone to wind erosion. The treatments in this plan increase the roughness of the soil surface and reduce the wind speed near the ground surface, and as a result, the amount of soil loss is also reduced. As the mulch density increases, less soil erodes due to less area being exposed to the wind. Based on this, the use of pebble mulch, which is a clear example of nature inspiration in the paving areas (Hamada) with the effect of zero (control) and 75% gravel cover density on the area sensitive to wind erosion in Fesaran plain in Isfahan Done. The type of pebbles selected is almond size and the size of gravel and rubble, which was supplied from the nearest sand mines in the region. But in addition to gravel, Mobarakeh steel slags with almond sizes (in order to study and compare costs) with the view of waste with a very large production volume with the effect of zero density (control), 25%, 50% were also used in Segzi plain. In order to create winds with a certain speed at a certain time, a wind erosion measuring device, which is a kind of portable wind tunnel, was used. The lands of mulching sample with different densities are affected by different winds from different directions. The data obtained from the factorial statistical experiments were examined in a completely randomized block design. The results showed a significant difference in the effect of pebble mulch in reducing wind erosion in all studied areas and at a level of less than 1%. Comparison of the effect of molten densities of Mobarakeh steel slags showed that the largest difference between the two densities was 25% and control. The results obtained from the collected data of wooden indices (scavenger traps) in Segzi plain show an average of 1.9 years of wind from the soil surface and in Fesaran plain show an average of 1.2 kg per square meter of wind from the soil surface And the statistics obtained from the tray sediment trap had a better performance than the plastic polygon sediment trap and showed a significant difference. In these two areas, the volume of creep particles is higher and a very large amount of dust has accumulated in the sediment trap. Trap in the process of creeping or jumping by the wind | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| dust, wind erosion, rock mulch, sediment traps, Segzi plain and Fesaran | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
- Alipour, A, Tavili, A. Sanguni, H. (2018). Operational, Environmental and Economic Feasibility of Using Steel Slag as Mulch to Control Wind Erosion, Journal of Desert Ecosystem Engineering, Year 7, Issue 18, Pages 15-26
- Amerykhah, H., Khadem, A., Maszi, A. 2007. Predict Wind erosion in Omidiye land useing models WEPS, RWEQ, WEQ and IRIFR. First National Conference Wind Erosion. Yazd.
- Amiri I; Hosseini M; Akhtesasi M and Shahriari A. (2011). A Comparative Study of the Effects of Artificial and Plant Windbreaks on Wind Speed Changes: A Case Study of Jiroft Region, the Second National Conference on Wind Erosion, February 17-18, Yazd.
- Ekhtesasi, M. R., 2010. Suitable plants to Sand Dune and sandy fixation Areas in Iran. Second edition, Yazd University Press, 230 p.
- Ekhtesasi M. R. (2003). Determining the minimum density of hawthorn seedlings for designing tree windbreaks and controlling wind erosion in Central Iran, Abstract of the National Conference on Hawthorn and Hawthorn in Iran, Forests and Rangelands Organization, 2-3 pages
- Ekhtesasi M. R, Ahmadi H, Khalili A, Saremi Naeini M.A and Rajabi M. (2006). Application of Golbad, Goltofan and Golmaseh in analysis of wind erosion and determination of the direction of movement of quicksands (Case study, Yazd-Ardakan plain) Journal of Natural Resources, Volume 59, Number 3. 533-541 p.
- Amerykhah, H., Khadem, A., Maszi, A. (2007). Predict Wind erosion in Omidiye land useing models WEPS, RWEQ, WEQ and IRIFR. First National Conference Wind Erosion. Yazd.
- Adriaenssens, V, Goethals, P, L, M, Charles, J, AND De pauw N. (2009). Application of Bayesian Belief network for the prediction of macro invertebrate taxa in rivers "Annals de limnology International journal of limnology, Vol. 40, No. 3, pp.181-191.
- Babakhani, S. (2011). Application of steel slag in the stabilization of degradable sediments M.Sc. thesis, Isfahan University of Technology. 89 pp.
- Chepil W.S., Milne, R. A. (1941). Wind erosion of soil in relation to roughness of surface. Soil Science 52 (6), 417-434.
- Dong, Z., Chen, G., He. X., Han. Z., Wang. X. (2004). Controlling blown sand along the highway crossing the Taklimakan Desert. Journal of Arid Environment, 57,329- 344
- Jie Zhou, Jiaqiang Lei, Shengyu Li, Haifeng Wang, Na Sun & Xuexi Ma .(2016). A wind tunnel study of sand-cemented bodies on wind erosion intensity and sand transport, Natural Hazards volume 82, pages25–38
- Gossans, Dirk.(1995).Field experiments of aeolian dust accumulation on rock fragment substrata, sedimentology journal,Volume42, Issue3, pages 391-402
- Goudie, A.S. and Middleton, N.J. (2006). Dust Storm Control. In A. Goudie and N. J. Middleton (ed.), Desert Dust in the Global System (Chapter 8). (pp. 193-199). Springer Science & Business
- Li, X.Y., Liu, L.Y., (2003). Effect of gravel mulch on Aeolian dust accumulation in the semiarid region of North West China. Soil and Tillage Research 70 (1): 81-73.
- Fattahi Soghari and Ali Akbar Nazari Samani, (2013). Comparison of manual and software methods for calculating sand transport potentials and one-way wind and its relationship with geomorphology of the citadel (Case study: Bardkhoon citadel), the third national conference on wind erosion and dust storms. 26-25 January. Yazd University.
- Mina Monireh , Emami Hojat , Karimi Alireza , (2020). Evaluation the efficiency of different mulches to combat wind erosion of sandy soil running title: Efficiency of different mulches to control wind erosion, Sustainable Earth Review, 1, 1, 16-22.
- Mohammadi Media Azam, Matinkhah Seyed Hamid, Khajehuddin Seyed Jamaluddin, 2010. Identification of scissor ecology as an effective species in controlling wind erosion, Second Conference on Wind Erosion and Dust Storm, February 17-18, Yazd.
- Refahi Husseinghli, (1997). Wind erosion and its control. Tehran Publishing. 315 p.
- Safaei Ghanavieh A, Rouhani Shahraki F, Karimzadeh H and Torkesh Esfahani M, (2018). Determining the best composition of steelmaking slag (Mobarakeh Steel) as mulch to stabilize eroded wind sediments (Case study of soils in East Isfahan region Desert, Tehran, International Desert Research Center, and University of Tehran.
- Sharifi Paichoon, Mohamad. Omidvar, Kamal. Miri, Zeynab. (2020). Morphological study of the sand dunes in Zarrin Erg and its adaptation to the regional wind data. Geographical Research on Desert Journal. Volume 8, Issue 1
- YanLi, X. (2002). Effects of gravel and sand mulches on dew deposition in the semiarid region of China, Journal of Hydrology 260(1):151-160
- Yanli, X. Liu L. Y. (2001). Influence of pebble mulch on soil erosion by wind and trapping capacity for windblown sediment. Soil & Tillage Res. 59. 137-142. 13.
| ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 807 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 761 |
||