رفتارهای سازگارانه و آسایش حرارتیِ تابستانه در فضاهای داخلیِ معماری بومی منطقه سیستان | ||
| معماری اقلیم گرم و خشک | ||
| مقاله 9، دوره 8، شماره 12، اسفند 1399، صفحه 169-196 اصل مقاله (2.15 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.29252/ahdc.2021.15847.1489 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمدعلی سرگزی1؛ منصوره طاهباز* 2؛ اکبر حاج ابراهیم زرگر3 | ||
| 1دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار، عضو هیات علمی دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 3استاد، عضو هیات علمی دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| رفتارهای سازگارانه نقش ویژهای در تامین آسایش حرارتی ساکنان ساختمانهای دارای کوران طبیعی با کمترین وابستگی به انرژیهای فسیلی دارد. در عین حال ایده «سازگاری» در آسایش حرارتی که شکلگیری آن به دهههای 1960 و 1970 میلادی برمیگردد میتواند به بهبود استانداردها و مدلهای پیشبینی و همچنین تدوین الگوریتمهای دقیقتر برای کنترل محیط کمک نماید. مبتنیبودن این روش بر کار زمینهای، بر اهمیت پژوهش در مناطق مختلف و اقلیمهای کمتر شناختهشده میافزاید. منطقه سیستان به دلیل دارابودن ویژگیهای خاص اقلیمی، تفاوتهایی با سایر مناطق واقع در اقلیم گرم و خشک دارد و آسایش حرارتی ساکنان آن بر اساس مباحث سازگاری قابل تفسیر است. از اینرو، در این پژوهش رفتارهای سازگارانه ساکنان این منطقه و میزان تاثیر آنها بر آسایش حرارتی در ساختمانهای دارای کوران طبیعی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. برای این منظور از 18 تیر تا 7 مرداد 1398 در یک تحقیق طولی، 6 بنای مسکونی در 6 روستای منطقه سیستان که رفتارهای سازگارانه در بین ساکنان بومی آنها جریان داشت، انتخاب و ضمن ثبت پارامترهای اقلیمی فضاهای داخلی آنها، مطالعه میدانیِ آسایش حرارتی مبتنی بر پرسشنامه انجام شد. در این تحقیق علاوه بر دریافت پاسخهای حرارتی، نوع و زمان انجام رفتارهای سازگارانه مورد تحلیل قرار گرفتهاند. مهمترین رفتارهای سازگارانه در روزهای گرم منطقه سیستان بازکردنکُلَک، بازکردن دُرچِه و آبدهی به خارخانه بوده که هم از نظر شکلی و هم از نظر عملکرد حرارتی با رفتارهای سازگارانه مورد اشاره در مطالعات پیشین متفاوتاند. تحلیل آماری پرسشنامه آسایش حرارتی بر اساس معیارهای احساس حرارتی، ترجیح و پذیرش حرارتی نشان داد که ساکنان منطقه توانستهاند به کمک این رفتارها، آسایش حرارتی را در 51 درصد از اوقاتِ روزهای مورد مطالعه که از روزهای خیلی گرم منطقه بوده است بدون هرگونه وسیله سرمایشی مکانیکی تجربه نمایند. همچنین این مطالعه نشان داد در دوره مورد مطالعه، رفتار سازگارانه آبدهی به خارخانه، عملکرد حرارتی بهتری نسبت به رفتارهای بازکردن درچه و بازکردن کلک داشته است. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| رفتارهای سازگارانه؛ آسایش حرارتی؛ سکونت بومی؛ فضاهای داخلی؛ منطقه سیستان (ایران) | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Adaptive behaviors and summer thermal comfort in the indoor environments of the vernacular architecture of Sistan region, Iran | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mohammad Ali Sargazi1؛ Mansoureh Tahbaz2؛ Akbar Haj Ebrahim Zargar3 | ||
| 1PHD student in architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 3Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The adaptive behaviors of the residents of buildings operated by natural ventilation (NV) have a special role in providing thermal comfort with minimum amount of dependence on fossil fuels. The "adaptive" idea dates back to the 1960s and 1970s. In addition to analyzing thermal comfort, it helps to improve standards and forecasting models of thermal comfort, as well as developing more accurate algorithms for controlling the indoor environment and is based on in-situ measurement. As a result, research in different regions and lesser known climates is very important. According to this research, Sistan region has special climatic characteristics that are different from other regions in hot and dry climate and thermal comfort in this region can be interpreted based on adaptive method. Therefore, this study investigates these adaptive behaviors and their effect on thermal comfort in NV buildings in Sistan region. To this end, six buildings in six villages of Sistan Region were selected for a longitudinal study that was carried out in July 2019. In addition to measurement of the climatic parameters of the indoor spaces of these buildings, a questionnaire-based field study of thermal comfort was conducted. In this study, the type and timing of adaptive behaviors were recorded and analyzed according to thermal responses. This study indicated that the most important adaptive behaviors used during the hot days of Sistan Region are Watering Khaarkhane, Opening Dorche, Opening Kolak and Watering one’s head and face which are different from the common adaptive behaviors have been investigated in previous studies both in terms of form and thermal performance. With the help of these behaviors, the residents of Sistan Region have been able to achieve thermal comfort in 51% of the times of the very hot days of the region without using any mechanical cooling device. This study also showed that Watering Khaarkhane has a better thermal performance compared to Opening Dorche and Opening Kolak. Determination of neutral temperature (31 °C) based on regression analysis and thermal comfort zone for 80% of occupants (27.3-34.6 °C) were the other results of this research. Although these values are far from the neutral temperature and the ASHRAE summer thermal comfort zone (23-27 ° C), this distance can be explained by the compatibility method. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Adaptive behavior, Thermal comfort, Vernacular architecture, Indoor environment, Sistan region (Iran) | ||
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