تحلیلی بر رهیافت‌های سنجش انتشار گازهای گلخانهای در نواحی شهری (مطالعه موردی: کلان‌شهر تهران) | ||
| کاوش های جغرافیایی مناطق بیابانی | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 8، شماره 1، شهریور 1399، صفحه 133-166 اصل مقاله (679.07 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| صدیقه لطفی* 1؛ علی محمدنژاد2 | ||
| 1استاد گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه مازندران | ||
| 2دانش‌آموخته دکترای جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| تغییرات آبوهوایی نتیجه فعالیتهای انسانی مثل مصرف سوخت‌های فسیلی و تغییرات کاربری زمین است. درحالی‌که شهرها تنها 2 درصد مساحت کره زمین را اشغال می‌کنند، مسئول انتشار 71 تا 76 درصد دی‌اکسید کربن جهانی هستند. ازآنجاکه الگوی تولید و مصرف اقتصاد ایران برمبنای سوخت‌های فسیلی است، تمرکز جمعیت و فعالیت در کلان‌شهرها موجب افزایش مصرف این سوخت‌ها و انتشار متمرکز گازهای گلخانهای شده است. هدف پژوهش حاضر، تحلیل و مقایسه رهیافت‌های تولید- مبنا و مصرف- مبنا در سنجش انتشار گازهای گلخانهای نواحی شهری و سپس اجرای آن‌ها در کلان‌شهر تهران است. روش تحقیق، توصیفی- تحلیلی می‌باشد و داده‌ها از طریق مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای گردآوری‌شده‌اند. برای سنجش میزان انتشار گازهای گلخانهای از راهنمای هیئت بین دولتی تغییرات آب‌وهوا 1995 استفاده‌شده است. جامعه آماری پژوهش، کلان‌شهر تهران و میزان مصرف انواع سوخت‌های فسیلی آن در یک بازه زمانی 11 ساله (1384 تا 1395) است. کلان‌شهر تهران به دلیل الگوی تولید، توزیع و مصرف بر مبنای سوخت‌های فسیلی و سبک زندگی مرتبط، سرانه بالایی در انتشار گازهای گلخانهای دارد که آن را به بزرگ‌ترین کانون انتشار این گازها بدل کرده است. نتایج محاسبات با خط‌مشی پنل بین دولتی درباره تغییرات آب‌وهوا (رهیافت تولید- مبنا) نشان‌دهنده افزایش سرانه انتشار دی‌اکسید کربن کلان‌شهر تهران در یک بازه زمانی 10 ساله است (سرانه 94/4 و 09/5 تن به ازای هر شهروند در سال‌های 1385 و 1395). همچنین با استفاده از رهیافت مصرف- مبنا، سرانه رد پای کربن هر شهروند تهرانی 77/7 تن در سال به دست آمد. درنهایت، سرانه انتشار دی‌اکسید کربن کلان‌شهر تهران با برخی از کلان‌شهرهای دنیا مقایسه شد که نتایج نشان می‌دهد که سرانه انتشار دی‌اکسید کربن تهران بالاتر از کلان‌شهرهای بزرگ و پرجمعیتی چون ریودوژانیرو، سئول، بانکوک، بوینس آیرس، هنگ کنگ و لندن است. [1]. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC 1995 guidelines) | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| رهیافت تولید- مبنا؛ رهیافت مصرف- مبنا؛ کلان‌شهر تهران؛ گازهای گلخانهای | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| An analysis of greenhouse gas emissions in urban areas: A case study of Tehran metropolis | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Sedigheh Lotfi1؛ Ali Mohammadnejad2 | ||
| 1Professor of Geography & Urban Planning, Faculty of Humanity and Social Sciences, University of Mazandaran | ||
| 2PhD in Geography & Urban Planning, University of Shahid Beheshti | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Climate change is the result of human activities such as fossil fuel consumption and land use changes. While cities occupy only two percent of the Earth surface, they account for 71 to 76 percent of global carbon dioxide emissions. Since the pattern of production and consumption in the Iranian economy is based on fossil fuels, the concentration of population and activity in metropolises has increased the consumption of these fuels and the centralized emission of greenhouse gases. The purpose of the present study is to analyze and compare production-based and consumption-based approaches for measuring greenhouse gas emissions in urban areas and then implementing them in Tehran metropolis. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and the data are collected through documentary studies. The 1995 IPCC guidelines are used to measure greenhouse gas emissions. The statistical population of the study is Tehran metropolis and its fossil fuel consumption in a period of 11 years (2005 to 2016). Tehran has high per capita emissions of greenhouse gases, which is due to its pattern of production, distribution and consumption based on fossil fuels and associated lifestyles. This has turned the city into the largest emitter of these gases. The results of calculations with the IPCC (Production-Based Approach) show a per capita increase in the CO2 emissions of Tehran over a 10-year period (4.94 and 5.09 tons per citizen in 2006 and 2016). Also, using a consumption-based approach, the per capita carbon footprint of each citizen emerges to be 7.77 tons per year. Finally, the carbon dioxide emissions per capita of the city is compared with some other metropolises in the world. The results show that the per capita emissions in Tehran are higher than in other large metropolitan areas such as Rio de Janeiro, Seoul, Bangkok, Buenos Aires, Hong Kong and London. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Greenhouse gases, Production-based approach, Consumption-based approach, Tehran metropolis | ||
| مراجع | ||
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