بررسی منابع انتشار عناصر معلق در هوای شهر کرمانشاه | ||
| خشک بوم | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 8، شماره 2، بهمن 1397، صفحه 65-76 اصل مقاله (808.36 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.29252/aridbiom.2019.1405 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| زینب نظری* 1؛ نعمت الله خراسانی2؛ سادات فیض نیا3؛ محمود کرمی2 | ||
| 1کارشناس ارشد مهندسی منابع طبیعی _ محیط زیست، دانشکده پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 2استاد گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 3استاد گروه احیاء مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| ذراتمعلق اتمسفری نقش مهمی در تعدیل و تغییر اقلیم، چرخههای هیدرولوژیکی، شیمی اتمسفر، چرخههای بیوژئوشیمیایی و بهداشت عمومی دارند. هدف این مطالعه، بررسی منشأ ذراتمعلق در اتمسفر کرمانشاه میباشد. غلظت 20 عنصر (پتاسیم، سدیم، کلسیم، فسفر، مس، نیکل، سرب، کادمیم، سلنیوم، روی، آهن، منیزیم، بور، کروم، کبالت، آرسنیک، مولیبدن، وانادیم، آلومینیوم، منگنز) برای 55 نمونه خاک و 41 نمونه ذراتمعلق بوسیله دستگاه ICP آنالیز شد. منشأ ذراتمعلق با استفاده از روشهای تحلیل عاملی، تحلیل خط سیر توده هوای معکوس، فاکتور غنیسازی و نسبت آلومینیوم به روی شناسایی شدند. کلسیم حداکثر غلظت (ppb 84600) و سرب حداقل غلظت (ppb95/8) را در نمونههای ذرات معلق و کلسیم حداکثر غلظت ppb) 2074800)، مولیبدن حداقل غلظت (ppb 8/3) را در نمونههای خاک دارا بودند. نتایج نشان داد که مقادیر فاکتور غنیسازی عناصر بور، روی و مولیبدن خیلی بالا در گسترۀ بین 31 تا 29/507 و عناصر مس، سرب، کادمیم، نیکل، وانادیم و کروم در گسترۀ بین 1 تا 10 و عناصر آهن، پتاسیم، کلسیم، سلنیوم، آرسنیک، کبالت، فسفر، منیزیم و سدیم دارای میزان فاکتور غنیسازی پایین در گسترۀ کمتر از 25/0 میباشند. تحلیل عاملی، عناصر را براساس منابع انتشار آنها در شش عامل دستهبندی کرد. عامل اول سدیم، آلومینیوم، کلسیم و پتاسیم، عامل دوم کادمیم، مولیبدن و کروم، عامل سوم مس، سرب و کبالت، عامل چهارم آهن و منگنز، عامل پنجم فسفر و عامل ششم وانادیم را شامل میشد. براساس نتایج فاکتور غنیسازی، تحلیل عاملی عناصر پوستهای کلسیم، سدیم، منیزیم، پتاسیم، فسفر، سلنیوم، منگنز و آهن تامینکنندۀ اصلی عناصر در ذرات معلق در هوای کرمانشاه است و انتشارات وابسته به وسایل نقیله و صنایع در درجه دوم اهمیت قرار دارند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| ذرات معلق؛ فاکتور غنی سازی؛ تحلیل عاملی؛ تحلیل خط سیر توده هوای معکوس؛ نسبت آلومینیوم به روی؛ کرمانشاه | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Investigation of Emission Sources of Suspended Elements air in City of Kermanshah | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Z. Nazari1؛ N. Khorasani2؛ S. Feiznia3؛ M. Karami2 | ||
| 1Master of Science of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resources, University of Tehran | ||
| 2Professor, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resources, University of Tehran | ||
| 3Professor, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resources, University of Tehran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| An atmospheric aerosol plays an important role in modification and change of climate, hydrological cycles, chemistry of the atmosphere, biogeochemical cycles and public health. The purpose of this research is investigation of emission sources of Suspended elements in Kermanshah. The concentrations of twenty elements consisting of K, Na, Ca, P, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd, Se, Zn, Fe, Mg, B, Cr, Co, As, Mo, V, Al, Mn were analyzed by ICPfor 55 soil samples and 41 aerosols samples. Source of aerosols have been identified using factor analysis, the backward air mass trajectory analysis, enrichment factor and the Al/Zn ratio.Ca and Pb have maximum concentration (84600pbb) and minimum concentration (8.95) in aerosols samples, respectively and also, Ca and Mo have maximum concentration (2074800pbb) and minimum concentration (3.8) in soil samples, respectively. The results showed that EF- values of elements of B, Zn and Mo are very high in the range of 31 to 507 and elements of copper, lead, cadmium, nickel, vanadium and chromium are in the range of 1 to 10 and the elements such as iron, potassium, calcium, selenium, arsenic, cobalt, phosphorus, magnesium and sodium have low EF- values less than 0.25.Factor analysis classified elements in six factors based on sources of their emission. The first factor consisted of Na, Al, Ca, K, the second factor was Cd, Mo, Cr, the third factor was Cu, Pb, Co, the fourth factor consisted of Fe, Mn, the fifth factor was P, the sixth factor was V. According to results of factor analysis, enrichment factor, the crustal elements of K, Na, Ca, P, Fe, Mg, Mnare the main contributor to the elements in air in aerosols in the Kermanshah. Vehicle-related emissions and industry rein grade of second. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Aerosols, Enrichment Factor, Factor analysis, Backward trajectory analyses, The Al/Zn ratio, Kermanshah | ||
| مراجع | ||
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