ارزیابی تنوع فنوتیپی بنه در استان کرمان برای تأسیس باغ بذر درختان مناطق خشک | ||
| خشک بوم | ||
| دوره 15، شماره 2، مهر 1404، صفحه 23-35 اصل مقاله (880.96 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.29252/aridbiom.2026.4148 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| داود درویشی زیدآبادی* ؛ محمد بیرانوند | ||
| استادیار، بخش تحقیقات جنگل و مرتع، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمان، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| گونه بنه (Pistacia atlantica Desf.)، درختی کلیدی در مناطق خشک ایران، با هدف حفاظت خاک و کنترل بیابان، نیازمند تولید نهالهای با کیفیت ژنتیکی بالاست. این پژوهش با هدف ایجاد باغ بذر بنه، به ارزیابی بذرها و نهالهای حاصل از ۵ تا ۱۱ پایه انتخابی در شش رویشگاه طبیعی استان کرمان شامل کوه میخسفید سیرجان، دوراهی گوشک بافت، بنهآباد گوغر، جنگل سهچاه دهسرد، محمدآباد مسکون و دهبکری بم انجام شد. صفات مورفولوژیکی بذر و صفات رویشی نهالها (ارتفاع، قطر طوقه، درصد جوانهزنی و زندهمانی) طی دو سال مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج تجزیه واریانس، وجود اختلاف معنیدار در تمامی صفات مورفولوژیک (مانند وزن هزار دانه و درصد پوکی) و عملکرد نهالها را در سطح ۱ درصد تأیید کرد. بذور محمدآباد مسکون بیشترین درشتی و وزن را داشتند، درحالیکه دهبکری بالاترین درصد زندهمانی و سهچاه بیشترین ارتفاع نهال را در طول دو سال ثبت کردند. الگوی رشد نهالها نشانداد که نهالهای سهچاه بلندترین و نهالهای کوه میخ سفید، کوتاهترین بودند. این تنوع ژنتیکی گسترده و تفاوت در عملکرد، بستری مناسب برای شناسایی و گزینش ژنوتیپهای برتر با قابلیت سازگاری بالا و صفات اقتصادی مطلوب فراهم میآورد. بر این اساس، تودههای مناطق محمدآباد، سهچاه و بنهآباد بهواسطه کیفیت مطلوب بذر و نهال، جهت عملیات جنگلکاری و احیای مناطق خشک توصیه میشوند؛ درحالیکه تودههای دهبکری و میخسفید بهدلیل مقاومت فیزیولوژیک بالا، برای حفاظت خاک و مهار بیابانزایی در شرایط تنشهای محیطی شدید، ارجحیت دارند. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| ژنوتیپهای منتخب؛ اصلاح درختان جنگلی؛ تنوع ژنتیکی؛ تولید نهال | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Assessment of Phenotypic Diversity in Pistacia atlantica Populations in Kerman Province for Establishing Arid Zone Seed Orchards | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| درویشی زید آبادی Darvishi؛ Mohammad Bayranvand | ||
| Assistant Professor, Forest and Rangeland Research Department, Kerman Province Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Kerman, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Pistacia atlantica, a key species in Iran's arid regions, plays a crucial role in soil conservation and combating desertification, necessitating the production of seedlings with high genetic quality. Aimed at establishing a P. atlantica seed orchard, this study was designed to evaluate seeds and seedlings derived from 5 to 11 selected genotypes across six natural provenances in Kerman Province, including Mikh Sefid (Sirjan), Gushk (Baft), Baneh-Abad (Gugher), Seh-Chah Forest (Dehsard), Mohammad-Abad (Maskun), and Dehbakri (Bam). Seed morphological traits and seedling vegetative characteristics—specifically height, root collar diameter (RCD), germination percentage, and survival rate—were assessed over a two-year period. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed significant differences (p < 0.01) across all morphological traits (e.g., 1000-seed weight and percentage of empty seeds) and seedling performance metrics. Seeds from Mohammad-Abad exhibited the greatest size and weight. Meanwhile, the Dehbakri provenance recorded the highest survival rate, and Seh-Chah produced the tallest seedlings consistently over the two years. Growth pattern analysis indicated that seedlings from Seh-Chah were the tallest, whereas those from Mikh Sefid were the shortest. This extensive genetic diversity and variation in performance provide a robust framework for identifying and selecting superior genotypes characterized by high adaptability and desirable economic traits. Accordingly, the populations from Mohammadabad, Seh-Chah, and Baneh-Abad are recommended for afforestation and restoration of arid regions due to their high-quality seed and seedling production. Conversely, the Dehbakri and Mikh-Sefid populations are preferred for soil conservation and desertification control under severe environmental stress conditions, owing to their superior physiological resistance. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Seed orchard, Selected genotypes, Forest tree improvement, Genetic diversity, Seedling production | ||
| مراجع | ||
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