بررسی تأثیر لندفرم‌های ژئومورفولوژیکی در پدافند غیرعامل شهرستان زاهدان | ||
| کاوش های جغرافیایی مناطق بیابانی | ||
| دوره 13، شماره 1، اردیبهشت 1404، صفحه 1-20 اصل مقاله (1.41 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/grd.2025.22824.1647 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| یونس رخشانی؛ رضا منصوری* ؛ صمد فتوحی | ||
| گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشکده جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی محیطی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به منظور افزایش امنیت و توسعه مناطق میبایست شناسایی کامل فاکتورهای جغرافیایی بهویژه مشخصات توپوگرافی و ژئومورفولوژیکی در تدوین اصول و راهبردهای پدافند غیر عامل سرلوحه کار قرار گیرد. هدف از این پژوهش ارزیابی تأثیر لندفرم‌های ژئومورفولوژیکی در پدافند غیرعامل شهرستان زاهدان می باشد. در این پژوهش از 15 لایه متفاوت ازجمله: ارتفاع، شیب، جهت شیب، فاصله از آبراهه، فاصله از دشت سیلابی، فاصله از جاده، فاصله از گسل، خاک، زمینشناسی، کاربری اراضی، دما، بارش، فاصله از مراکز سکونتگاهی، فاصله از مخروط‌افکنه و وضعیت توپوگرافی (دشت و کوهستان) استفاده شده است. همچنین در این تحقیق از دو روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبی و تحلیل شبکهای بهره گرفته شده است. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان دادند که تاثیرگذارترین عامل در پدافند غیرعامل، مناطق کوهستانی و عامل محدودکننده مناطق پست و هموار است. به‌عبارت‌دیگر، مناطق غرب و شرق منطقه موردمطالعه، به‌دلیل برخورداری از ارتفاعات و کوهستانی بودن درکنار دیگر عوامل محیطی همچون بارش، نوع خاک، دشت‌های سیلابی و غیره باعث‌شده تا در خروجی نهایی پژوهش، از نظر پدافند غیرعامل دارای وضعیت مناسب باشند. از سوی دیگر، مناطق نامناسب سطح زیادی از بخش‌های شمال و مرکز شهرستان را دربرگرفته است، به‌طوری‌که وضعیت نامناسب این مناطق نیز با بسیاری از شاخص‌ها همخوانی دارد. یافته‌های به‌دست آمده از تحلیل سلسله مراتبی نشان می‌دهند که حدود 1233 کیلومترمربع از وسعت منطقه ازلحاظ اصول پدافند غیرعامل در وضعیت نامناسب، 89/54 کیلومترمربع در وضعیت نسبتاً مناسب و 14250 کیلومترمربع در وضعیت مناسب قرا دارند. همچنین براساس نتایج حاصل از تحلیل شبکه ای، مشخص شد که بیشتر گستره منطقه مطالعاتی در وضعیت مناسب قرار دارد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| پدافند غیرعامل؛ روش تحلیل‌های چندمعیاره؛ سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی؛ شاخص‌های ژئومورفیک؛ منطقه عمومی زاهدان- نصرت‌آباد | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Assessment of Geomorphological Landforms Impacts on the Passive Defense in Zahedan County | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Younus Rakhshani؛ Reza Mansouri؛ Samad Fotoohi | ||
| Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Planning, University of Sistsn and Baluchestan. Zahedan. Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| One of the most important and vital defensive strategies is the use of passive defense. The most important principle of passive defense is location, and if location is done correctly and systematically, based on the appropriate use of natural features and landforms, it reduces the implementation costs of other principles and increases their effectiveness, and it takes precedence over other principles. Location is the selection of the best and most desirable location and location, so as to best enable the concealment and concealment of human resources, equipment, and activities. In other words, it means considering all geographical factors to find the right place to carry out a specific activity. In order to carry out effective passive defense measures, geomorphological factors have a very important effect and role in locating locations to deal with any human (military) threats. Experiences from past wars have shown that geomorphology plays an important role in implementing offensive and defensive plans, selecting deployment areas, dispersal, and readiness points. Therefore, geomorphological factors play an important role in adopting efficient measures for passive defense. The strategic situation of the country is threatened by natural disasters and emergencies such as war. In this study, with the aim of investigating and identifying geomorphological factors affecting passive defense in Zahedan city, a variety of data and information were used, including: topographic maps, geological maps, digital elevation model with a resolution of 12.5 meters, LANDSAT images, Google Earth images, and field visits. This study was conducted analytically and descriptively, and AHP and ANP models and Expert Choice & ArcGIS software were used. According to the results obtained through the network analysis method, the areas that are completely suitable for passive defense are located in the west, center and south of Zahedan city. These suitable areas obtained according to these areas have a suitable height and less than 1000 meters, a slope of less than 10 percent, a northward direction, a suitable distance from the river, a suitable distance from the fault, etc. There are also completely unsuitable areas in the north of the region and some other areas. The northern areas are in an unsuitable condition according to some factors including plains and mountains, geology, altitude, slope, etc. Also, according to the general results of the entire area, which has an area of 30715 square kilometers, 7565 square kilometers are in an unsuitable condition. Also, 3800 square kilometers are in a relatively suitable condition, 10010 square kilometers are in an average class. The suitable and relatively suitable class also has an area of 9340 square kilometers. As is clear, most of the areas are in an average condition. The unsuitable areas are located in the center and north of the area. According to the results of the hierarchical analysis method, the western and eastern regions are in a suitable condition, as shown in Figure 2 and the elevation map, these regions have a suitable height in terms of passive defense. They also have a suitable condition in terms of many other factors such as precipitation, soil, floodplains, etc., which has caused these regions to have a suitable condition in terms of passive defense in the final output. Also, in the results, the unsuitable areas cover a large area of the northern and central regions of the city, and the unsuitability of these areas is also consistent with many other indicators and criteria. Also, according to these results, as is clear, 1233 square kilometers are in an unsuitable condition. Also, 5489 hectares are in a relatively suitable condition, 14250 square kilometers are in the average class. The suitable and relatively suitable classes also have an area of 9743 square kilometers. As is clear, most of the regions are in an average condition. One of the major issues that countries have faced from the past to the present and have used all their strength to maintain and establish it has been defense and security within their country in the face of foreign invasion. Borders determine the external territory of a country and include natural and human factors. Borders, both natural and human, play a significant role in establishing security and defense within a country. If we consider the long borders and having many neighbors as an effective factor in creating a crisis in a country, we can consider Iran, with its long borders, high morphological diversity, and the largest number of neighbors in the world, as a crisis-causing country both in the past and in the future. Among the various natural factors that cause security and defense in countries, geomorphological factors can be mentioned. In this study, 15 indicators were used, including altitude, slope, slope direction, distance from watercourse, distance from floodplain, distance from road, distance from fault, soil, land use, geology, temperature, precipitation, topographic condition (plain and mountain), distance from settlement centers, and distance from alluvial fan. The results of this analysis from the perspective of passive defense showed that areas with suitable altitudes for passive defense, which are below 1000 meters, are located in the east and west of the study area. Slopes between 0 and 10 percent, which are suitable for passive defense and do not cause problems, cover most of the surface of Zahedan city. The north direction is the most suitable direction and the south direction is the most unsuitable direction in terms of passive defense. According to the results of the analytic hierarchy process, the west and east regions have a suitable situation, these areas have a suitable altitude in terms of passive defense. It is also in a suitable condition in terms of many other factors such as rainfall, soil, floodplains, etc., which has caused these areas to have a suitable condition in terms of passive defense in the final output. According to the results of the analytic hierarchy process, unsuitable areas cover a large area of the northern and central regions of the city, and the unsuitability of these areas is also consistent with many other indicators and criteria. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Passive defense, Geomorphological factors, Zahedan County, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), landform | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Akbari, M., Neamatollahi, E., Neamatollahi, P. (2019). Evaluating land suitability for spatial planning in arid regions of eastern Iran using fuzzy logic and multi-criteria analysis. Ecological Indicators 98, 587-598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.11.035 Alikhani, A., Barzegar, A., Norllahi, H. (2020). Developing a New Model for Vulnerability Assessment of city zones with passive defense approach”. Emergency Management, 8(2), 33-46. Alipour, A., Bagheri, S.S. (2016). Investigating the role of geomorphological features in defending border areas and determining defense lines based on them (Case study: Sar-e-Pol-e-Zahab public area in the west of Kermanshah province), Military and Security Geography Quarterly, 2(2), 5-25. (In Persian) Asghari-Saraskanroud, S., Mosavi, M.N. and Mahdavi, S. (2019). Geomorphological analysis in site selection of military centers using GIS, ANP (case studies: garrisons border cities of west Azerbayjan). Geographical Planning of Space, 9(33), 77-96. doi: 10.30488/gps.2019.91871 (In Persian) Bahramabadi, B., Yamani, M. (2011). Investigation of geomorphological indicators of arid regions and its effect on locating active and passive defense areas of military units, Quarterly Journal of Military Management, 44(11), pp. 47-68. (In Persian) Corson, M. (2007). An All Hazard Approach to Us Military Base Camp Site Selection, Asia Pacific Center for Security Studies, Department of Geology and Geography Northwest Missouri State University, PP. 1-10. Expediency Discernment Council (2009). Approval of policies announced by the Supreme Leader in the field of passive defense. (In Persian) Ezzati, E. (2010). Strategic Geography of Iran, Volume 2, Publications of the Geographical Organization of the Armed Forces, First Edition. (In Persian) Farri, M., Babakhani, M., Hashempour, R. (2023). Evaluation and Examination of the Physical Aspect of the City from the Point of View of Passive Defense (Case Study: the Historical Context of the Urmia). Journal of Urban Environmental Planning and Development, Vol 3, No 11, PP 55-70. (In Persian) Geological and Mineral Exploration Organization of Iran (1993). Geological map of Zahedan, 1: 250,000. (In Persian) Gilewitch, D. A. (2003). Military geography: The interaction of desert geomorphology and military operations. Arizona State University. Homaei, M., Sadeh, E., Sabegh, Z. A., & Afsharnejad, A. (2021). Presenting a competency model of treatment managers with a qualitative method of passive defense in hospitals. Chronic Diseases Journal, 167-178. Hosseini Amini, H., Asadi, S., Bernafar, M. (2010). Evaluation of the structure of Langrud city for passive defense planning Applied Research in Geographical Sciences; 10 (12) (In Persian) Iran Meteorological Organization (2012). "Statistics of 181 Synoptic Stations in the Country by the End of 2010", archived from the original on September 17, 2012. Retrieved February 15, 2013. (In Persian) IsaLu, F.S., Nazmfar, H. (2023). Evaluation of urban land use with emphasis on passive defense Using the SOAR model (Case study: Ardabil city). Geography and Human Relationships, 6(1), 332-347. doi: 10.22034/gahr.2023.378840.1786 (In Persian) Islamic Consultative Assembly Research Center (2023). Available on: https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/print_version/1792210 (In Persian) Kamran, H., Parizadi, T., Hosseini Amini, H. (2011). Spatial organization of border areas adjacent to the Iran-Pakistan border with a passive defense approach. Quarterly Scientific and Research Journal of Urban Research and Planning, 2(5), 109-132. (In Persian) Maghsoudi, M. (2008). Assessment of Effective Factors on Evolution of Alluvial Fans Case Study: Jajroud Alluvial Fan. Physical Geography Research, 0(64). (In Persian) Mazaheri, R., Mumipour, M., Mamant Behbahani, M. (2021). Investigating the Effect of Geomorphological Capabilities and Limitations on Passive Defense of Arvand River Shores in Abadan District. Passive Defense, 12(3), 11-20. (In Persian) Modiri, M., Karami, M., Ansarizadeh, S., Heydari-Moslu, T. (2013). Security-Building Indicators of Passive Defense in Land Planning. Defense Strategy, 11(41), 33-58. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/194447/fa (In Persian) Moghimi, E., Yamani, M., Biglo, J., Moradian, M., Fakhri, S. (2013). Effects of the Geomorphology of the southern Zagross Mountain Chain on Inactive Defense in the North of Hormoz Strait: Focus on the Selection of Focal Sites. Military Management Quarterly, 12(48), 112-77. (In Persian) Nabati, J., Nezami, A., Neamatollahi, E., & Akbari, M. (2020). GIS-based agro-ecological zoning for crop suitability using fuzzy inference system in semi-arid regions. Ecological indicators, 117, 106646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106646 Nabati, J., Nezami, A., Neamatollahi, E., & Akbari, M. (2023). An integrated approach land suitability for agroecological zoning based on fuzzy inference system and GIS. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 25(3), 2316-2338. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-022-02127-7 National Geographical Organization (1974). Topographic map of Zahedan, 1: 250,000. (In Persian) Parizadi, T., Hosseini Amini, H., Shahriari, M. (2010). Investigation and analysis of “passive defense” measures in the city of Saqqez in an analytical approach. Urban Management, 8(26), 191-202. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/92181/fa (In Persian) Pirdashti, H., Kamari, M. (2015). The concept of border and frontier and its evolution, Growth of Geography Education, Volume 30, No. 2, 19-13. (In Persian) Rezaei-Arefi, M. (2008). The role of geomorphological phenomena in defense and security issues in the southeastern border areas of Iran, Master's thesis, Sabzevar Teacher Training University, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Sabzevar. (In Persian) Saaty T.L. (1980). The Analytic Hierarchy Process: Planning, Priority Setting, Resource Allocation, ISBN 0-07-054371-2, McGraw-Hill. Saaty, T.L. (2004). Decision making—the analytic hierarchy and network processes (AHP/ANP). Journal of systems science and systems engineering, 13, 1-35. Sartipi, Z., Modiri, M., Pishgahi Fard, Z. (2022). Identifying Key Drivers Towards the Realization of Sustainable Regional Security Based on Passive Defense Criteria (Case Study: Lavasanat Region). Geography and Environmental Studies, 11(41), 39-54, (In Persian) Sarwari, A. (2009). Principles and Foundations of Passive Defense, Tehran, University of Law Enforcement Sciences Publications, (In Persian) Shirazi-Romnan, H., Jawazi, H. (2009). Tectonics studies and development of passive defense strategy, Native Strategy, 11(107), 31-68. (In Persian) Statistical Center of Iran (2016). General Population and Housing Census, Tehran. (In Persian) Zanganeh-Asadi, M.A., Mohammadnejad, M., Noormohammadi, A.M., Rezaei-Arefi, M. (2016). Investigation of geomorphological factors of human settlements in Mashhad city with passive defense considerations using GIS. National Conference of the Iranian Society of Geomorphology. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/843350/fa (In Persian)
| ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 233 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 143 |
||